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The KdV equation can be derived in the shallow water limit of the Euler equations. Over the last few decades, this equation has been extended to include both higher order effects (KdV2) and an uneven river bottom. Although this equation is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-19 Eryk Infeld , Anna Karczewska , George Rowlands , Piotr Rozmej

We have derived the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation describing the long gravity waves without limitation to surface deviation. The only restriction to the surface deviation is connected with the stability condition for appropriate…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-04-19 Vladimir I. Kruglov

We generalize the non-linear one-dimensional equation of a fluid layer for any depth and length as an infinite order differential equation for the steady waves. This equation can be written as a q-differential one, with its general solution…

q-alg · Mathematics 2009-10-30 A. Ludu , R. A. Ionescu , W. Greiner

Extended shallow water wave equations are derived, using the method of asymptotic expansions, from the Euler (or water wave) equations. These extended models are valid one order beyond the usual weakly nonlinear, long wave approximation,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-05-11 Theodoros P. Horikis , Dimitrios J. Frantzeskakis , Noel F. Smyth

The extended KdV equation is a nonlinear dispersive wave model that is asymptotically or variationally derived from the full dispersive Euler shallow water waves equations when gravity-capillary and higher order nonlinear effects are taken…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2026-05-15 Saleh Baqer , Hamid Said

New exact solutions to the KdV2 equation (known also as the extended KdV equation) are constructed. The KdV2 equation is a second order approximation of the set of Boussinesq's equations for shallow water waves which in first order…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-04-09 Piotr Rozmej , Anna Karczewska

We study a class of 1+1 quadratically nonlinear water wave equations that combines the linear dispersion of the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation with the nonlinear/nonlocal dispersion of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation, yet still preserves…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-09-07 Holger R. Dullin , Georg Gottwald , Darryl D. Holm

The integrable 3rd-order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation emerges uniquely at linear order in the asymptotic expansion for unidirectional shallow water waves. However, at quadratic order, this asymptotic expansion produces an entire {\it…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2007-05-23 H. R. Dullin , G. A. Gottwald , D. D. Holm

The Korteweg-de Vries equation is known to yield a valid description of surface waves for waves of small amplitude and large wavelength. The equation features a number of conserved integrals, but there is no consensus among scientists as to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Samer Israwi , Henrik Kalisch

Using Levi-Civita's theory of ideal fluids, we derive the complex Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, describing the complex velocity of a shallow fluid up to first order. We use perturbation theory, and the long wave, slowly varying velocity…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-01 Matthew Crabb , Nail Akhmediev

We study here the water-waves problem for uneven bottoms in a highly nonlinear regime where the small amplitude assumption of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is enforced. It is known, that for such regimes, a generalization of the KdV…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-01-22 Samer Israwi

The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is known as a universal equation describing various long waves in dispersive systems. In this article, we prove that in a certain scaling regime, a large class of rough solutions to the Boussinesq…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Younghun Hong , Changhun Yang

We generalize the nonlinear one-dimensional equation for a fluid layer surface to any geometry and we introduce a new infinite order differential equation for its traveling solitary waves solutions. This equation can be written as a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Ludu , A. R. Ionescu

In most of the studies concerning nonlinear wave equations of Korteweg-de Vries type, the authors focus on waves of elevation. Such waves have general form ~$u_{\text{u}}(x,t)=A f(x-vt)$, where ~$A>0$. In this communication we show that if…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Anna Karczewska , Piotr Rozmej

We present an elementary method to obtain the equations of the shallow-water solitary waves in different orders of approximation. The first two of these equations are solved to get the shapes and propagation velocities of the corresponding…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-09-14 Gábor B. Halász

We study the recently-proposed hyperbolic approximation of the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV). We show that this approximation, which we call KdVH, possesses a rich variety of solutions, including solitary wave solutions that approximate…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Abhijit Biswas , David I. Ketcheson , Hendrik Ranocha , Jochen Schütz

We consider the extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) equation as a model for long moderately nonlinear surface water waves. In the slow time formulation this equation generates fast propagating resonant radiation due to the non-convexity of…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2026-02-12 Benjamin Martin , Dmitri Tseluiko , Karima Khusnutdinova

It is universally accepted that the cubic, nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) models the dynamics of narrow-bandwidth wave packets consisting of short dispersive waves, while the Kortewegde Vries equation (KdV) models the propagation of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-10-23 Chuangye Liu , Nghiem V. Nguyen

In this paper we derive a higher-order KdV equation (HKdV) as a model to describe the unidirectional propagation of waves on an internal interface separating two fluid layers of varying densities. Our model incorporates underlying currents…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-06-13 David Henry , Rossen I. Ivanov , Zisis N. Sakellaris

In the paper a new nonlinear equation describing shallow water waves with the topography of the bottom directly taken into account is derived. This equation is valid in the weakly nonlinear, dispersive and long wavelength limit. Some…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2014-05-22 Anna Karczewska , Piotr Rozmej , Łukasz Rutkowski
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