Related papers: Charge densities that change linearly with time ar…
In this paper we analyze the motion of charged particles in a vacuum tube diode by solving linear differential equations. Our analysis is based on expressing the volume charge density as a function of the current density and coordinates…
Accurate charge densities are essential for reliable electronic structure calculations because they significantly impact predictions of various chemical properties and in particular, according to the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, atomic forces.…
The electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's theory satisfy linear equations in the classical vacuum. This is modified in classical non-linear electrodynamic theories. To date there has been little experimental evidence that any of these…
We study the semiclassical dynamics of interacting electrons in a biased crystal lattice. A complex dynamical scenario emerges from the interplay between the Coulomb and the external electric fields. When the electrons are far apart, the…
The electrostatic force is described in this model by the action of electric dipole distributions on charged particles. The individual hypothetical dipoles are propagating at the speed of light in vacuum transferring momentum and energy…
The possibility of the existence of quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields in plasma supported by their own self-consistent current follows from Maxwell's equations with field sources. These equations also give rise to a wave equation for…
We revisit the cosmic evolution of the energy density of a quantized free scalar field and assess under what conditions the particle production and classical field approximations reproduce its correct value. Because the unrenormalized…
The one--loop effective action for a slowly varying electromagnetic field is computed at finite temperature and density using a real-time formalism. We discuss the gauge invariance of the result. Corrections to the Debye mass from an…
The evolution of entropy is derived with respect to dynamical systems. For a stochastic system, its relative entropy $D$ evolves in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics; its absolute entropy $H$ may also be so, provided that the…
The creation of large scale magnetic fields is studied in an inflationary universe where electrodynamics is assumed to be nonlinear. After inflation ends electrodynamics becomes linear and thus the description of reheating and the…
This study applies response theory to investigate electron charge dynamics, with a particular focus on charge separation. We analytically assess the strengths and limitations of linear and quadratic response theories in describing charge…
It is demonstrated that the strong coupling of an electron gas to photons in systems with broken time-reversal symmetry results in bound electron-photon states which cannot be backscattered elastically. As a consequence, the electron gas…
We consider a bound system of particles interacting via electromagnetic forces in an external electromagnetic field, including leading relativistic corrections. Each particle has a definite mass, charge, spin, and charge radius. We…
Charge carriers moving at the speed of light along a straight, superconducting cosmic string carry with them a logarithmically divergent slab of electromagnetic field energy. Thus no finite local input can induce a current that travels…
By refining the method proposed in arXiv:2010.07660, entropy current and entropy density for a relativistic hydrostatic equilibrium system with spherical symmetry are constructed as a non-Noether conserved charge in the Einstein gravity…
A formulation of quantum electrodynamics is proposed, in which the local law of conservation of electric charge serves as the source of the gauge condition. The equations of motion of the gauge variable and the density of the charge…
The Cartesian material space approach to Maxwell's equations reveals the analytical solution of the continuous radial density for the extended elementary charge. Radial charges and their Coulomb fields carry equal passive and active…
We use covariance and dimensional analysis to find expressions for the discontinuity of the potential and normal electric field across a flat surface with multipolar charge surface density in vacuum.
An approximate analytic theory is developed and implemented numerically for calculating the space charge limited current and electric field of a thin cylindrical beam or current sheet between two wide parallel electrodes. The flow is…
The model of charge generation is based on the wave model of a particle, for which a brief description is given. The particle is comprised of two photons, captured in the volume of the particle, and reveals the complete relativistic…