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We obtain optimal lower and upper bounds for the (additive) integrality gaps of integer knapsack problems. In a randomised setting, we show that the integrality gap of a "typical" knapsack problem is drastically smaller than the integrality…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-14 Iskander Aliev , Martin Henk , Timm Oertel

We consider the problem of finding small prime gaps in various sets of integers $\mathcal{C}$. Following the work of Goldston-Pintz-Yildirim, we will consider collections of natural numbers that are well-controlled in arithmetic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-15 Jacques Benatar

Numerical continuation in the context of optimization can be used to mitigate convergence issues due to a poor initial guess. In this work, we extend this idea to Riemannian optimization problems, that is, the minimization of a target…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Axel Séguin , Daniel Kressner

Combining the mollifiers, we exhibit other choices of coefficients that improve the results on large gaps between the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. Precisely, assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH), we show that there exist…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-06 H. M. Bui

Today, prime numbers attained exceptional situation in the area of numbers theory and cryptography. As we know, the trend for accessing to the largest prime numbers due to using Mersenne theorem, although resulted in vast development of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-28 A. Zalnezhad , G. Shabani , H. Zalnezhad , M. Zalnezhad

We prove an explicit error term for the $\psi(x,\chi)$ function assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. Using this estimate, we prove a conditional explicit bound for the number of primes in arithmetic progressions.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Anne-Maria Ernvall-Hytönen , Neea Palojärvi

Using evaluations of the difference between consecutive primes we develop another way of estimating of the number of primes in the interval $(n, 2n)$. We also discuss the ultra Cramer conjecture, $p_{n+1} - p_n = O(log^{1+\epsilon}p_n)$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Felix Sidokhine

The aim of this work is to develop general optimization methods for finite difference schemes used to approximate linear differential equations. The specific case of the transport equation is exposed. In particular, the minimization of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Claire David , Pierre Sagaut

We present a new duality theory for non-convex variational problems, under possibly mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The dual problem reads nicely as a linear programming problem, and our main result states that there is no…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-12 Guy Bouchitté , Ilaria Fragalà

We study the distribution of primes from a topological viewpoint. Certain conjecture is introduced, and we show that it is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-09 Kazunori Noguchi

The distribution of prime numbers is here considered. We show a formula for $li^{-1}$ and we study the $\pi(x)$ function and Riemann's hypothesis.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Balan

Factorization is the most fundamental way to determine if a number $n$ is prime or composite. Yet, this approach becomes impracticable when considering large values of $n$, a difficulty that is exploited by cryptographic protocols. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-06 A. L. M. Southier , L. F. Santos , P. H. Souto Ribeiro , A. D. Ribeiro

We formulate, using heuristic reasoning, precise conjectures for the range of the number of primes in intervals of length $y$ around $x$, where $y\ll (\log x)^2$. In particular we conjecture that the maximum grows surprisingly slowly as $y$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Andrew Granville , Allysa Lumley

In this article, we study the Euler's factorial series $F_p(t)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty n!t^n$ in $p$-adic domain under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. First, we show that if we consider primes in $k\varphi(m)/(k+1)$ residue classes in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Neea Palojärvi

Maximal inequalities refer to bounds on expected values of the supremum of averages of random variables over a collection. They play a crucial role in the study of non-parametric and high-dimensional estimators, and especially in the study…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Supratik Basu , Arun K Kuchibhotla

We consider a Ramsey model with several households with heterogeneous preferences who are able to borrow capital to each other. Since the capital constraints of one household then depends on the others' capital, one can no longer optimize…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-04 L. Frerick , G. Müller-Fürstenberger , E. W. Sachs , L. Somorowsky

In certain applications involving the solution of a Bayesian inverse problem, it may not be possible or desirable to evaluate the full posterior, e.g. due to the high computational cost of doing so. This problem motivates the use of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Han Cheng Lie , T. J. Sullivan , Aretha Teckentrup

In this survey article we discuss key open problems which could serve as a guidance for further research directions of multiplicative ideal theory and factorization theory.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Alfred Geroldinger , Hwankoo Kim , K. Alan Loper

The paper explores a new extremality model involving collections of arbitrary families of sets. We demonstrate its applicability to set-valued optimization problems with general preferences, weakening the assumptions of the known results…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Nguyen Duy Cuong , Alexander Y. Kruger , Nguyen Hieu Thao

In a recent joint work with D.A. Goldston and C.Y. Yildirim we just missed by a hairbreadth a proof that bounded gaps between primes occur infinitely often. In the present work it is shown that adding to the primes a much thinner set,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-04-08 Janos Pintz
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