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The Kochen-Specker theorem proves the inability to assign, simultaneously, noncontextual definite values to all (of a finite set of) quantum mechanical observables in a consistent manner. If one assumes that any definite values behave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Karl Svozil

Local stochastic volatility refers to a popular model class in applied mathematical finance that allows for "calibration-on-the-fly", typically via a particle method, derived from a formal McKean-Vlasov equation. Well-posedness of this…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Peter K. Friz , Benjamin Jourdain , Thomas Wagenhofer , Alexandre Zhou

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) have minimized the fluency gap between languages. This advancement, however, exposes models to the risk of biased behavior, as knowledge and norms may propagate across languages. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Guy Mor-Lan , Omer Goldman , Matan Eyal , Adi Mayrav Gilady , Sivan Eiger , Idan Szpektor , Avinatan Hassidim , Yossi Matias , Reut Tsarfaty

In this paper we study the least squares (LS) estimator in a linear panel regression model with unknown number of factors appearing as interactive fixed effects. Assuming that the number of factors used in estimation is larger than the true…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-04 Hyungsik Roger Moon , Martin Weidner

A fundamental tool in network information theory is the covering lemma, which lower bounds the probability that there exists a pair of random variables, among a give number of independently generated candidates, falling within a given set.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jingbo Liu , Mohammad H. Yassaee , Sergio Verdú

We study the detailed path-wise behavior of the discrete-time Langevin algorithm for non-convex Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) through the lens of metastability, adopting some techniques from Berglund and Gentz (2003. For a particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Belinda Tzen , Tengyuan Liang , Maxim Raginsky

Selecting $k$ out of $m$ items based on the preferences of $n$ heterogeneous agents is a widely studied problem in algorithmic game theory. If agents have approval preferences over individual items and harmonic utility functions over…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Sonja Kraiczy , Edith Elkind

Level-1 Consensus is a property of a preference-profile. Intuitively, it means that there exists a preference relation which induces an ordering of all other preferences such that frequent preferences are those that are more similar to it.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Mor Nitzan , Shmuel Nitzan , Erel Segal-Halevi

We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Yanbao Zhang , Emanuel Knill , Peter Bierhorst

We consider interactive computation of randomized functions between two users with the following privacy requirement: the interaction should not reveal to either user any extra information about the other user's input and output other than…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Deepesh Data , Gowtham R. Kurri , Jithin Ravi , Vinod M. Prabhakaran

We study turn-based stochastic zero-sum games with lexicographic preferences over reachability and safety objectives. Stochastic games are standard models in control, verification, and synthesis of stochastic reactive systems that exhibit…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Maximilian Weininger , Tobias Winkler

One can often encounter claims that classical (Kolmogorovian) probability theory cannot handle, or even is contradicted by, certain empirical findings or substantive theories. This note joins several previous attempts to explain that these…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-24 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Maria Kon

Exchangeability -- in which the distribution of an infinite sequence is invariant to reorderings of its elements -- implies the existence of a simple conditional independence structure that may be leveraged in the design of statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Trevor Campbell , Saifuddin Syed , Chiao-Yu Yang , Michael I. Jordan , Tamara Broderick

We show a general method of compiling any $k$-prover non-local game into a single-prover interactive game maintaining the same (quantum) completeness and (classical) soundness guarantees (up to negligible additive factors in a security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Yael Kalai , Alex Lombardi , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Lisa Yang

Many randomized algorithms can be derandomized efficiently using either the method of conditional expectations or probability spaces with low (almost-) independence. A series of papers, beginning with Luby (1993) and continuing with Berger…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-13 David G. Harris

Assume that we would like to estimate the expected value of a function $F$ with respect to an intractable density $\pi$, which is specified up to some unknown normalising constant. We prove that if $\pi$ is close enough under KL divergence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Siran Liu , Petros Dellaportas , Michalis K. Titsias

This note shows that under the unrestricted domain, there exists a choice liberal and Nash implementable social choice rule if and only if there are at least three players and the outcome set is at least twice as large as the player set. A…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-26 Héctor Hermida-Rivera

We study the problem of how to coordinate the actions of independent agents in a distributed system where message arrival times are unbounded, but are determined by an exponential probability distribution. Asynchronous protocols executed in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Ariel Livshits , Yoram Moses

Random features provide a practical framework for large-scale kernel approximation and supervised learning. It has been shown that data-dependent sampling of random features using leverage scores can significantly reduce the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Shahin Shahrampour , Soheil Kolouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong generalization capabilities to novel tasks when prompted with language instructions and in-context demos. Since this ability sensitively depends on the quality of prompts, various methods have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ruochen Wang , Sohyun An , Minhao Cheng , Tianyi Zhou , Sung Ju Hwang , Cho-Jui Hsieh