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Atmospheric \v{C}erenkov Technique is an established methodology to study $TeV$ energy gamma rays. However the challenging problem has always been the poor signal to noise ratio due to the presence of abundant cosmic rays. Several ingenious…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 V. R. Chitnis , P. N. Bhat

A number of Galactic sources emit GeV-TeV gamma rays that are produced through leptonic and/or hadronic mechanisms. Spectral analysis in this energy range is crucial in order to understand the emission mechanisms. The HAWC Gamma-Ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Hao Zhou , C. Michelle Hui , Petra Huentemeyer

The presence of hadronic sub-showers causes azimuthal non-uniformity in the particle distributions on the ground in vertical air showers. The $LCm$ parameter, which quantifies the non-uniformity of the signal recorded in detectors located…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-27 Nicusor Arsene

Muon component of extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by cosmic ray particles carries information on the primary particle identity. We show that the muon content of EAS could be measured in a broad energy range from 10-100 TeV up to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-05 A. Neronov , D. V. Semikoz , Ie. Vovk , R. Mirzoyan

A measurement with high statistics of the differential energy spectrum of light elements in cosmic rays, in particular, of primary H plus He nuclei, is reported. The spectrum is presented in the energy range from $6$ to $158$ TeV per…

We studied the application of the Pseudo-Zernike features as image parameters (instead of the Hillas parameters) for the discrimination between the images produced by atmospheric electromagnetic showers caused by gamma-rays and the ones…

The construction of the H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System), a superior system of four 12 m imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, has been completed recently in the Namib desert close to Windhoek, at 1800 m above sea level. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Konopelko

Steady gamma-ray emission up to at least 200 GeV has been detected from the solar disk in the Fermi-LAT data, with the brightest, hardest emission occurring during solar minimum. The likely cause is hadronic cosmic rays undergoing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-26 A. Albert , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistràn , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , M. Castillo , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , C. De León , E. De la Fuente , S. Dichiara , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , K. Engel , O. Enríquez-Rivera , C. Espinoza , H. Fleischhack , N. Fraija , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , S. Hernandez , B. Hona , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , S. Kaufmann , H. León Vargas , G. Luis-Raya , J. Lundeen , R. López-Coto , K. Malone , S. S. Marinelli , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , A. Nayerhoda , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , J. Pretz , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , Z. Ren , C. D. Rho , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , M. Rosenberg , E. Ruiz-Velasco , H. Salazar , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , M. Seglar Arroyo , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , P. Surajbali , I. Taboada , O. Tibolla , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , T. Yapici , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou , J. D. Álvarez , J. F. Beacom , R. K. Leane , T. Linden , K. C. Y. Ng , A. H. G. Peter , B. Zhou

Measurements at 100 TeV and above are an important goal for the next generation of high energy gamma-ray astronomy experiments to solve the still open problem of the origin of galactic cosmic rays. The most natural experimental solution to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-11 G. Di Sciascio , T. Di Girolamo , E. Rossi , L. Saggese

Gamma-ray astronomy from hundreds of GeV to PeV is confined to ground-based experiments that detect air showers induced by $\gamma$-rays entering Earth's atmosphere. While particle detector arrays feature huge detection areas, accurately…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Markus Pirke , Youngwan Son , Jonas Glombitza , Martin Schneider , Ian James Watson , Christopher van Eldik

We present the first catalogs of the highest-energy (above 56 TeV and 100 TeV) gamma-ray sources seen by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The wide field-of-view of HAWC naturally lends itself to unbiased all-sky surveys…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Kelly Malone

The H.E.S.S. experiment entered its phase II with the addition of a new, large telescope named CT 5 that was added to the centre of the existing array of four smaller telescopes. The new telescope is able to detect fainter air showers due…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-03 Thomas Murach , Michael Gajdus , Robert Daniel Parsons

Surface detector arrays are designed to measure the spectrum and composition of high-energy cosmic rays by detecting the secondary particle flux of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) induced by the primary cosmic rays. Electromagnetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Fabian Schmidt , Maximo Ave , Lorenzo Cazon , Aaron Chou

The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is still unknown. At present, the major uncertainties are located at energies above $\sim 10^{19.5}$ eV, the expected beginning of the GZK suppression. This is mainly due to the low statistics…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-07-28 A. D. Supanitsky , G. Medina-Tanco

Ground based gamma-ray observations with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) play a significant role in the discovery of very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitters. The analysis of IACT data demands a highly efficient…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-07 Idan Shilon , Manuel Kraus , Matthias Büchele , Kathrin Egberts , Tobias Fischer , Tim Lukas Holch , Thomas Lohse , Ullrich Schwanke , Constantin Steppa , Stefan Funk

Ground-based arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes have emerged as the most sensitive gamma-ray detectors in the energy range of about 100 GeV and above. The strengths of these arrays are a very large effective collection area…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 H. Krawczynski , D. A. Carter-Lewis , C. Duke , J. Holder , G. Maier , S. Le Bohec , G. Sembroski

In this exploratory simulation study, we compare the event-progenitor classification potential of a variety of measurable parameters of atmospheric Cherenkov pulses which are produced by ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma-ray and hadron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Razdan , A. Haungs , H. Rebel , C. L. Bhat

During the last decade ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray astronomy achieved a remarkable advancement in the development of the observational technique for the registration and study of gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV. It is widely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Konopelko , A. Chilingarian , A. Reimers

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 A. U. Abeysekara , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. D. Álvarez , F. Ángeles , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , A. Avila-Aroche , H. A. Ayala Solares , C. Badillo , A. S. Barber , B. M. Baughman , N. Bautista-Elivar , J. Becerra Gonzalez , E. Belmont , E. Benítez , S. Y. BenZvi , D. Berley , A. Bernal , M. Bonilla Rosales , J. Braun , R. A. Caballero-Lopez , K. S. Caballero-Mora , I. Cabrera , A. Carramiñana , L. Castañeda-Martínez , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , E. de la Fuente , C. De León , T. DeYoung , A. Diaz-Azuara , L. Diaz-Cruz , R. Diaz Hernandez , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , B. L. Dingus , D. Dultzin , M. A. DuVernois , R. W. Ellsworth , A. Fernandez , D. W. Fiorino , N. Fraija , A. Galindo , G. García-Torales , F. Garfias , A. González , L. X. González , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , V. Grabski , M. Gussert , C. Guzmán-Cerón , Z. Hampel-Arias , J. P. Harding , L. Hernández-Cervantes , C. M. Hui , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Imran , A. Iriarte , P. Karn , D. Kieda , G. J. Kunde , R. Langarica , A. Lara , G. Lara , R. J. Lauer , W. H. Lee , D. Lennarz , H. León Vargas , E. C. Linares , J. T. Linnemann , M. Longo , R. Luna-Garcia , A. Marinelli , L. A. Martínez , H. Martínez , O. Martínez , J. Martínez-Castro , M. Martos , J. A. J. Matthews , J. McEnery , E. Mendoza Torres , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , J. Nava , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , T. Oceguera-Becerra , D. P. Page , B. Patricelli , R. Pelayo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , J. Pretz , I. Ramírez , A. Renter , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , F. Ruiz-Sala , E. L. Ruiz-Velasco , J. Ryan , J. R. Sacahui , H. Salazar , F. Salesa , A. Sandoval , E. Santos , M. Schneider , S. Silich , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , K. Sparks Woodle , R. W. Springer , F. Suarez , I. Taboada , A. Tepe , P. A. Toale , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , S. Tinoco , T. N. Ukwatta , J. F. Valdés Galicia , P. Vanegas , A. Vázquez , L. Villaseñor , W. Wall , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , G. B. Yodh , P. W. Younk , D. Zaborov , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou

An intriguing challenge in observational astronomy is the separation signals in areas where multiple signals intersect. A typical instance of this in very-high-energy (VHE, E$\gtrsim$100 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy is the issue of residual…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-14 Marion Ullmo , Emmanuel Moulin