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We use a recently proposed staggered difference-in-differences approach to investigate effects of adoption of an online consultation system in English general practice on antibiotic prescribing patterns. The target estimand is the average…
The cyclical and heterogeneous nature of many substance use disorders highlights the need to adapt the type or the dose of treatment to accommodate the specific and changing needs of individuals. The Adaptive Treatment for Alcohol and…
A growing body of evidence has shown that incorporating behavioral economics principles into the design of financial incentive programs helps improve their cost-effectiveness, promote individuals' short-term engagement, and increase…
Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units and costs hospitals billions annually. Treating a septic patient is highly challenging, because individual patients respond very differently to medical interventions and there…
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. Unfortunately, about one-third of patients do not benefit sufficiently from available treatments and not many new drugs have been developed in this…
Response-adaptive allocation designs refer to a class of designs where the probability an observation is assigned to a treatment is changed throughout an experiment based on the accrued responses. Such procedures result in random treatment…
Offline reinforcement learning has shown promise for solving tasks in safety-critical settings, such as clinical decision support. Its application, however, has been limited by the lack of interpretability and interactivity for clinicians.…
A main research goal in various studies is to use an observational data set and provide a new set of counterfactual guidelines that can yield causal improvements. Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are widely studied to formalize this…
Obesity is a global health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic strategies include synthetic drugs and surgery, which may entail high costs and serious complications. Plant-based medicinal agents offer an…
This paper presents a case study on the eClinical data of Intelligent Medical Objects, which currently employs eight pipeline stages. Historically, the pipeline stage progresses inversely with the number of customers. Our objective is to…
Sepsis accounts for more than 50% of hospital deaths, and the associated cost ranks the highest among hospital admissions in the US. Improved understanding of disease states, severity, and clinical markers has the potential to significantly…
Reducing preventable hospital readmissions is a national priority for payers, providers, and policymakers seeking to improve health care and lower costs. The rate of readmission is being used as a benchmark to determine the quality of…
Two binary instrumental variables (IVs) are nested if individuals who comply under one binary IV also comply under the other. This situation often arises when the two IVs represent different intensities of encouragement or discouragement to…
The notion of patient's consent plays a major role in granting access to medical data. In typical healthcare systems, consent is captured by a form that the patient has to fill in and sign. In e-Health systems, the paper-form consent is…
Electronic health records are a valuable data source for investigating health-related questions, and propensity score analysis has become an increasingly popular approach to address confounding bias in such investigations. However, because…
Adopting a good health information system (HIS) is essential for providing high-quality healthcare. With rapid advances in technology in the healthcare industry in recent years, healthcare providers seek effective options to deal with…
We study the allocation of deceased-donor lungs to patients in need of a transplant. Patients make sequential decisions in an order dictated by a priority policy. Using data from a prominent Organ Procurement Organization in the United…
Despite considerable progress in genome- and proteome-based high-throughput screening methods and rational drug design, the number of successful single target drugs did not increase appreciably during the past decade. Network models suggest…
Chronic disease is a long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured. Owing to the portability and continuous action, wearable devices are regarded as promising ways for management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic…
This paper considers identifying and estimating causal effect parameters in a staggered treatment adoption setting -- that is, where a researcher has access to panel data and treatment timing varies across units. We consider the case where…