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In this article we identify a general class of high-dimensional continuous functions that can be approximated by deep neural networks (DNNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation without the curse of dimensionality. In other…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Adrian Riekert

In this paper, we construct neural networks with ReLU, sine and $2^x$ as activation functions. For general continuous $f$ defined on $[0,1]^d$ with continuity modulus $\omega_f(\cdot)$, we construct ReLU-sine-$2^x$ networks that enjoy an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Xiliang Lu , Fengru Wang , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Yuanyuan Yang

Deep neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLU) are getting more and more popular due to their universal representation power and successful applications. Some theoretical progress regarding the approximation power of deep ReLU…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-28 Bo Li , Shanshan Tang , Haijun Yu

The study of universal approximation properties (UAP) for neural networks (NN) has a long history. When the network width is unlimited, only a single hidden layer is sufficient for UAP. In contrast, when the depth is unlimited, the width…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Li'ang Li , Yifei Duan , Guanghua Ji , Yongqiang Cai

Recently there has been much interest in understanding why deep neural networks are preferred to shallow networks. We show that, for a large class of piecewise smooth functions, the number of neurons needed by a shallow network to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Shiyu Liang , R. Srikant

We establish in this work approximation results of deep neural networks for smooth functions measured in Sobolev norms, motivated by recent development of numerical solvers for partial differential equations using deep neural networks. {Our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Sean Hon , Haizhao Yang

We investigate properties of neural networks that use both ReLU and $x^2$ as activation functions and build upon previous results to show that both analytic functions and functions in Sobolev spaces can be approximated by such networks of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Vincent P. H. Goverse , Jad Hamdan , Jared Tanner

We consider the question of what functions can be captured by ReLU networks with an unbounded number of units (infinite width), but where the overall network Euclidean norm (sum of squares of all weights in the system, except for an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Pedro Savarese , Itay Evron , Daniel Soudry , Nathan Srebro

The standard Universal Approximation Theorem for operator neural networks (NNs) holds for arbitrary width and bounded depth. Here, we prove that operator NNs of bounded width and arbitrary depth are universal approximators for continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Annan Yu , Chloé Becquey , Diana Halikias , Matthew Esmaili Mallory , Alex Townsend

This paper investigates the relationship between the universal approximation property of deep neural networks and topological characteristics of datasets. Our primary contribution is to introduce data topology-dependent upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sangmin Lee , Jong Chul Ye

In this paper, we prove that a shallow neural network with a monotone sigmoid, ReLU, ELU, Softplus, or LeakyReLU activation function can arbitrarily well approximate any L^p(p>=2) integrable functions defined on R*[0,1]^n. We also prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Ming-Xi Wang , Yang Qu

In this paper we investigate the family of functions representable by deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear units (ReLU). We give an algorithm to train a ReLU DNN with one hidden layer to *global optimality* with runtime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Raman Arora , Amitabh Basu , Poorya Mianjy , Anirbit Mukherjee

We consider in this paper the optimal approximations of convex univariate functions with feed-forward Relu neural networks. We are interested in the following question: what is the minimal approximation error given the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Bo Liu , Yi Liang

In this paper it is shown that $C_\beta$-smooth functions can be approximated by deep neural networks with ReLU activation function and with parameters $\{0,\pm \frac{1}{2}, \pm 1, 2\}$. The $l_0$ and $l_1$ parameter norms of considered…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-26 Aleksandr Beknazaryan

Understanding the relationship between the depth of a neural network and its representational capacity is a central problem in deep learning theory. In this work, we develop a geometric framework to analyze the expressivity of ReLU networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Juan L. Valerdi

We study the power of deep neural networks (DNNs) with sigmoid activation function. Recently, it was shown that DNNs approximate any $d$-dimensional, smooth function on a compact set with a rate of order $W^{-p/d}$, where $W$ is the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Sophie Langer

Whereas recovery of the manifold from data is a well-studied topic, approximation rates for functions defined on manifolds are less known. In this work, we study a regression problem with inputs on a $d^*$-dimensional manifold that is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-05 Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Convolutional neural networks have shown impressive abilities in many applications, especially those related to the classification tasks. However, for the regression problem, the abilities of convolutional structures have not been fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Zhiying Fang , Guang Cheng

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

We study approximation and statistical learning properties of deep ReLU networks under structural assumptions that mitigate the curse of dimensionality. We prove minimax-optimal uniform approximation rates for $s$-H\"older smooth functions…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Thomas Nagler , Sophie Langer