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Consider a pair of plane straight-line graphs, whose edges are colored red and blue, respectively, and let n be the total complexity of both graphs. We present a O(n log n)-time O(n)-space technique to preprocess such pair of graphs, that…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-05-09 John Iacono , Elena Khramtcova , Stefan Langerman

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a weighted undirected graph, with $n$ vertices. A distance oracle is a data structure that can quickly answer distance queries, with some stretch factor. A seminal work of \cite{TZ01}, given an integer $k\ge 1$, provides…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ofer Neiman , Alon Spector

Calculating the diameter of an undirected graph requires quadratic running time under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis and this barrier works even against any approximation better than 3/2. For planar graphs with positive edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Michał Włodarczyk

We consider approximate {\em path-reporting} distance oracles, distance labeling and labeled routing with extremely low space requirement, for general undirected graphs. For distance oracles, we show how to break the n\log n space bound of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-06 Michael Elkin , Ofer Neiman , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

We continue the study of distance sensitivity oracles (DSOs). Given a directed graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and edge weights in $\{1, 2, \dots, M\}$, we want to build a data structure such that given any source vertex $u$, any target vertex…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Yong Gu , Hanlin Ren

Given a finite metric space $(V,d)$, an approximate distance oracle is a data structure which, when queried on two points $u,v \in V$, returns an approximation to the the actual distance between $u$ and $v$ which is within some bounded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Michael Dinitz , Zeyu Zhang

In a graph $G$ with a source $s$, we design a distance oracle that can answer the following query: Query$(s,t,e)$ -- find the length of shortest path from a fixed source $s$ to any destination vertex $t$ while avoiding any edge $e$. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Dipan Dey , Manoj Gupta

Consider an undirected weighted graph G=(V,E) with |V|=n and |E|=m, where each vertex v is assigned a label from a set L of \ell labels. We show how to construct a compact distance oracle that can answer queries of the form: "what is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Shiri Chechik

Let $P \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a set of $n$ points in $d$ dimensions such that each point $p \in P$ has an associated radius $r_p > 0$. The transmission graph $G$ for $P$ is the directed graph with vertex set $P$ such that there is an edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Haim Kaplan , Wolfgang Mulzer , Liam Roditty , Paul Seiferth

Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ of $n$ vertices and $m$ edges with weights in $[1,W]$, we construct vertex sensitive distance oracles (VSDO), which are data structures that preprocess the graph, and answer the following kind of queries:…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Ran Duan , Yong Gu , Hanlin Ren

In this paper we present an efficient reachability oracle under single-edge or single-vertex failures for planar directed graphs. Specifically, we show that a planar digraph $G$ can be preprocessed in $O(n\log^2{n}/\log\log{n})$ time,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Giuseppe F. Italiano , Adam Karczmarz , Nikos Parotsidis

Computing the diameter of a graph is a problem of great interest both in general algorithms research and specifically within fine-grained complexity, where it is a cornerstone hard problem. Recent work has achieved a full conditional lower…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yael Kirkpatrick , Liam Roditty , Richard Qi , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

We present a new distance oracle in the fully dynamic setting: given a weighted undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices undergoing both edge insertions and deletions, and an arbitrary parameter $\epsilon$ where $\epsilon\in[1/\log^{c}…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Bernhard Haeupler , Yaowei Long , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We present the first approximate distance oracle for sparse directed networks with time-dependent arc-travel-times determined by continuous, piecewise linear, positive functions possessing the FIFO property. Our approach precomputes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-21 Spyros Kontogiannis , Christos Zaroliagis

In the sensitive distance oracle problem, there are three phases. We first preprocess a given directed graph $G$ with $n$ nodes and integer weights from $[-W,W]$. Second, given a single batch of $f$ edge insertions and deletions, we update…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Jan van den Brand , Thatchaphol Saranurak

Given an $n$-vertex undirected graph $G=(V,E,w)$, and a parameter $k\geq1$, a path-reporting distance oracle (or PRDO) is a data structure of size $S(n,k)$, that given a query $(u,v)\in V^2$, returns an $f(k)$-approximate shortest $u-v$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Michael Elkin , Idan Shabat

Our input is an undirected weighted graph $G = (V,E)$ on $n$ vertices along with a source set $S\subseteq V$. The problem is to preprocess $G$ and build a compact data structure such that upon query $Qu(s,v,f)$ where $(s,v) \in S\times V$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Dipan Dey , Telikepalli Kavitha

An $f$-edge fault-tolerant distance sensitive oracle ($f$-DSO) with stretch $\sigma \ge 1$ is a data structure that preprocesses a given undirected, unweighted graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, and a positive integer $f$. When…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Davide Bilò , Shiri Chechik , Keerti Choudhary , Sarel Cohen , Tobias Friedrich , Simon Krogmann , Martin Schirneck

We show how to assign labels of size $\tilde O(1)$ to the vertices of a directed planar graph $G$, such that from the labels of any three vertices $s,t,f$ we can deduce in $\tilde O(1)$ time whether $t$ is reachable from $s$ in the graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Shiri Chechik , Shay Mozes , Oren Weimann

We study the problem of designing \emph{sublinear spectral clustering oracles} for well-clusterable graphs. Such an oracle is an algorithm that, given query access to the adjacency list of a graph $G$, first constructs a compact data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ranran Shen , Xiaoyi Zhu , Pan Peng , Zengfeng Huang