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Next generation radio interferometric telescopes are entering an era of big data with extremely large data sets. While these telescopes can observe the sky in higher sensitivity and resolution than before, computational challenges in image…

Most camera lens systems are designed in isolation, separately from downstream computer vision methods. Recently, joint optimization approaches that design lenses alongside other components of the image acquisition and processing pipeline…

Astrometric observations of microlensing events were originally proposed to determine the lens proper motion with which the physical parameters of lenses can be better constrained. In this proceeding, we demonstrate that besides this…

In order to avoid collisions with space debris, the near Earth orbit must be continuously scanned by either ground- or spaced-based facilities. For the low Earth orbit, radar telescopes are the workhorse for this task, especially due to…

Astronomers usually need the highest angular resolution possible, but the blurring effect of diffraction imposes a fundamental limit on the image quality from any single telescope. Interferometry allows light collected at widely-separated…

Stacks of digital astronomical images are combined in order to increase image depth. The variable seeing conditions, sky background and transparency of ground-based observations make the coaddition process non-trivial. We present image…

This paper is devoted to the error analysis of a time-spectral algorithm for fractional diffusion problems of order $\alpha$ ($0 < \alpha < 1$). The solution regularity in the Sobolev space is revisited, and new regularity results in the…

Detection of a signal under noise is a classical signal processing problem. When monitoring spatial phenomena under a fixed budget, i.e., either physical, economical or computational constraints, the selection of a subset of available…

Strong lensing time delay cosmography has excellent complementarity with other dark energy probes, and will soon have abundant systems detected. We investigate two issues in the imaging and spectroscopic followup required to obtain the time…

Astronomical images are of crucial importance for astronomers since they contain a lot of information about celestial bodies that can not be directly accessible. Most of the information available for the analysis of these objects starts…

We consider the problem of obtaining information about an inaccessible half-space from acoustic measurements made in the accessible half-space. If the measurements are of limited precision, some scatterers will be undetectable because their…

Measurements of an object's temperature are important in many disciplines, from astronomy to engineering, as are estimates of an object's spatial configuration. We present the quantum optimal estimator for the temperature of a distant body…

To determine the 3D orientation and 3D location of objects in the surroundings of a camera mounted on a robot or mobile device, we developed two powerful algorithms in object detection and temporal tracking that are combined seamlessly for…

Modern Earth observation satellites capture multi-exposure bursts of push-frame images that can be super-resolved via computational means. In this work, we propose a super-resolution method for such multi-exposure sequences, a problem that…

Observing stars and satellites in optical wavelengths during the day (optical daytime astronomy) has begun a resurgence of interest. The recent dramatic dimming event of Betelgeuse has spurred interest in continuous monitoring of the…

We explicate a semi-automated statistical algorithm for object identification and segregation in both gray scale and color images. The algorithm makes optimal use of the observation that definite objects in an image are typically…

We describe how a single-particle tracking experiment should be designed in order for its recorded trajectories to contain the most information about a tracked particle's diffusion coefficient. The precision of estimators for the diffusion…

We present a new technique for monitoring microlensing activity even in highly crowded fields, and use this technique to place limits on low-mass MACHOs in the haloes of M31 and the Galaxy. Unlike present Galactic microlensing surveys, we…

Many different methods exist for reducing data obtained when an astronomical source is studied with a two-channel polarimeter, such as a Wollaston prism system. This paper presents a rigorous method of reducing the data from raw aperture…

In beyond 5G and 6G network scenarios, the use of satellites has been actively discussed for extending target monitoring areas, even for extreme circumstances, where the monitoring functionalities can be realized due to the usage of…