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In this work, we are interested in structure learning for a set of spatially distributed dynamical systems, where individual subsystems are coupled via latent variables and observed through a filter. We represent this model as a directed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Oliver M. Cliff , Mikhail Prokopenko , Robert Fitch

We consider the problem of learning a directed graph $G^\star$ from observational data. We assume that the distribution which gives rise to the samples is Markov and faithful to the graph $G^\star$ and that there are no unobserved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Pardis Semnani , Elina Robeva

With observational data alone, causal structure learning is a challenging problem. The task becomes easier when having access to data collected from perturbations of the underlying system, even when the nature of these is unknown. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-10 Armeen Taeb , Juan L. Gamella , Christina Heinze-Deml , Peter Bühlmann

Causal inference methods based on conditional independence construct Markov equivalent graphs, and cannot be applied to bivariate cases. The approaches based on independence of cause and mechanism state, on the contrary, that causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Nataliya Sokolovska , Pierre-Henri Wuillemin

Due to its human-interpretability and invariance properties, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) has been a foundational tool across various areas of AI research, leading to significant advancements. However, DAG learning remains highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Naiyu Yin , Tian Gao , Yue Yu

Bayesian networks represent relations between variables using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Learning the DAG is an NP-hard problem and exact learning algorithms are feasible only for small sets of variables. We propose two scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Pierre Gillot , Pekka Parviainen

Several approaches to graphically representing context-specific relations among jointly distributed categorical variables have been proposed, along with structure learning algorithms. While existing optimization-based methods have limited…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-17 Felix Leopoldo Rios , Alex Markham , Liam Solus

In the estimation of causal effects, one common method for removing the influence of confounders is to adjust the variables that satisfy the back-door criterion. However, it is not always possible to uniquely determine sets of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Atsushi Noda , Takashi Isozaki

We consider distributions arising from a mixture of causal models, where each model is represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We provide a graphical representation of such mixture distributions and prove that this representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Basil Saeed , Snigdha Panigrahi , Caroline Uhler

Recently directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure learning is formulated as a constrained continuous optimization problem with continuous acyclicity constraints and was solved iteratively through subproblem optimization. To further improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yue Yu , Tian Gao , Naiyu Yin , Qiang Ji

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are a standard tool in causal modeling, but their suitability for capturing the complexity of large-scale multimodal data is questionable. In practice, real-world multimodal datasets are often collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Counting and sampling directed acyclic graphs from a Markov equivalence class are fundamental tasks in graphical causal analysis. In this paper we show that these tasks can be performed in polynomial time, solving a long-standing open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Marcel Wienöbst , Max Bannach , Maciej Liśkiewicz

Learning the directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure of a Bayesian network from observational data is a notoriously difficult problem for which many hardness results are known. In this paper we propose a provably polynomial-time algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Asish Ghoshal , Jean Honorio

We consider the problem of learning causal DAGs in the setting where both observational and interventional data is available. This setting is common in biology, where gene regulatory networks can be intervened on using chemical reagents or…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-08 Karren D. Yang , Abigail Katcoff , Caroline Uhler

Conditional independence models associated with directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) may be characterized in at least three different ways: via a factorization, the global Markov property (given by the d-separation criterion), and the local…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-27 Thomas S. Richardson , Robin J. Evans , James M. Robins , Ilya Shpitser

Different directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) may be Markov equivalent in the sense that they entail the same conditional independence relations among the observed variables. Chickering (1995) provided a transformational characterization of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Jiji Zhang , Peter L. Spirtes

Acyclic model, often depicted as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), has been widely employed to represent directional causal relations among collected nodes. In this article, we propose an efficient method to learn linear non-Gaussian DAG in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Ruixuan Zhao , Xin He , Junhui Wang

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are central to uncovering causal structure in complex systems, yet learning a single DAG from data is often challenging: model uncertainty, finite samples, and a combinatorially large search space frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yunan Wu , Yue Wang , Chunlin Li , Chenglong Ye

We initiate the study of counting Markov Equivalence Classes (MEC) under logical constraints. MECs are equivalence classes of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) that encode the same conditional independence structure among the random variables…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Davide Bizzaro , Luciano Serafini , Sagar Malhotra

Structural learning, which aims to learn directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data, is foundational to causal reasoning and scientific discovery. Recent advancements formulate structural learning into a continuous optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Song Wei , Yao Xie
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