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We present a real-time gaze tracking system that directly acquires task-relevant latent features using a fully passive optical encoder. Instead of forming and processing full-resolution images, our approach leverages a microlens array with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yidan Zheng , Matheus Souza , Kaizhang Kang , Qiang Fu , Hadi Amata , Wolfgang Heidrich

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

From scientific research to commercial applications, eye tracking is an important tool across many domains. Despite its range of applications, eye tracking has yet to become a pervasive technology. We believe that we can put the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Kyle Krafka , Aditya Khosla , Petr Kellnhofer , Harini Kannan , Suchendra Bhandarkar , Wojciech Matusik , Antonio Torralba

Webcam eye tracking for the collection of gaze data in the context of user studies is convenient - it can be used in remote tests where participants do not need special hardware. The approach has strong limitations, especially regarding the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Sezen Lim , Tina Walber , Christoph Schaefer , Lena Riehl

In this paper a review is presented of the research on eye gaze estimation techniques and applications, that has progressed in diverse ways over the past two decades. Several generic eye gaze use-cases are identified: desktop, TV,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Anuradha Kar , Peter Corcoran

Fast and accurate eye tracking in a virtual reality or augmented reality headset could lead to better display performance and enable novel methods of user interaction with the system. However, it remains a challenge for a system to combine…

As human eyes serve as conduits of rich information, unveiling emotions, intentions, and even aspects of an individual's health and overall well-being, gaze tracking also enables various human-computer interaction applications, as well as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Sikai Yang , Wan Du

The integration of Transparent Displays (TD) in various applications, such as Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) in vehicles, is a burgeoning field, poised to revolutionize user experiences. However, this innovation brings forth significant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Esmaeil Seraj , Harsh Bhate , Walter Talamonti

This study presents a novel framework for 3D gaze tracking tailored for mixed-reality settings, aimed at enhancing joint attention and collaborative efforts in team-based scenarios. Conventional gaze tracking, often limited by monocular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Eduardo Davalos , Yike Zhang , Ashwin T. S. , Joyce H. Fonteles , Umesh Timalsina , Guatam Biswas

Although eye-tracking technology is being integrated into more VR and MR headsets, the true potential of eye tracking in enhancing user interactions within XR settings remains relatively untapped. Presently, one of the most prevalent gaze…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Naveen Sendhilnathan , Ajoy S. Fernandes , Michael J. Proulx , Tanya R. Jonker

This work presents a next-generation human-robot interface that can infer and realize the user's manipulation intention via sight only. Specifically, we develop a system that integrates near-eye-tracking and robotic manipulation to enable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Shaochen Wang , Wei Zhang , Zhangli Zhou , Jiaxi Cao , Ziyang Chen , Kang Chen , Bin Li , Zhen Kan

Unconstrained remote gaze estimation remains challenging mostly due to its vulnerability to the large variability in head-pose. Prior solutions struggle to maintain reliable accuracy in unconstrained remote gaze tracking. Among them,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Zhecan Wang , Jian Zhao , Cheng Lu , Han Huang , Fan Yang , Lianji Li , Yandong Guo

Eye tracking is an important tool with a wide range of applications in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR/AR/MR) technologies. State-of-the-art eye tracking methods are either reflection-based and track reflections of sparse point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Tianfu Wang , Jiazhang Wang , Oliver Cossairt , Florian Willomitzer

We present a set of results obtained with an innovative eye-tracker based on magnetic dipole localization by means of an array of magnetoresistive sensors. The system tracks both head and eye movements with a high rate (100-200 Sa/s) and in…

Neural disorders refer to any condition affecting the nervous system and that influence how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Traditional neural diagnoses rely on cumbersome, time-consuming, or subjective methods, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mayar Elfares , Salma Younis , Pascal Reisert , Ralf Küsters , Tobias Renner , Andreas Bulling

While for the evaluation of robustness of eye tracking algorithms the use of real-world data is essential, there are many applications where simulated, synthetic eye images are of advantage. They can generate labelled ground-truth data for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Thomas C. Kübler , Tobias Rittig , Judith Ungewiss , Christina Krauss , Enkelejda Kasneci

Appearance-based gaze estimation provides relatively unconstrained gaze tracking. However, subject-independent models achieve limited accuracy partly due to individual variations. To improve estimation, we propose a novel gaze decomposition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Zhaokang Chen , Bertram E. Shi

Research on video-based eye-tracking has long explored stereo and glint-based methods, yet existing wearable eye trackers - both commercial and open-source - offer limited flexibility for algorithm development and comparative evaluation. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Alexander Zimmer , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkelejda Kasneci

Non-invasive gaze estimation methods usually regress gaze directions directly from a single face or eye image. However, due to important variabilities in eye shapes and inner eye structures amongst individuals, universal models obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Gang Liu , Yu Yu , Kenneth A. Funes Mora , Jean-Marc Odobez

This study evaluates a smartphone-based, deep-learning eye-tracking algorithm by comparing its performance against a commercial infrared-based eye tracker, the Tobii Pro Nano. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of appearance-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Nishan Gunawardena , Gough Yumu Lui , Bahman Javadi , Jeewani Anupama Ginige