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We study the problem of observing quantum collective phenomena emerging from large numbers of measurements. These phenomena are difficult to observe in conventional experiments because, in order to distinguish the effects of measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Samuel J. Garratt , Ehud Altman

In a measurement-device-independent or quantum-refereed protocol, a referee can verify whether two parties share entanglement or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering without the need to trust either of the parties or their devices. The…

We illustrate the role of complex numbers in quantum information processing through the phenomenon of quantum steering. Exploiting partial knowledge of a qubit in terms of imaginarity, we formulate a steering criterion for bipartite qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Shounak Datta , A. S. Majumdar

An analysis of quantum measurement is presented that relies on an information-theoretic description of quantum entanglement. In a consistent quantum information theory of entanglement, entropies (uncertainties) conditional on measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 N. J. Cerf , C. Adami

Entanglement is a key resource to demonstrate quantum advantage over classical strategies. Entanglement in quantum states is one of the most well-explored areas in quantum physics. However, a rigorous approach to understanding and detecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 Shubhayan Sarkar

Measurements with randomly chosen settings determine many important properties of quantum states without the need for a shared reference frame or calibration. They naturally emerge in the context of quantum communication and quantum…

Quantum steering enables one party to influence another remote quantum state by local measurement. While steering is fundamental to many quantum information tasks, the existing detection methods in the literature are mainly constrained to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ma-Cheng Yang , Cong-Feng Qiao

In this article, we study bipartite quantum steering using a general class of measurement operators known as the generalized equiangular measurement (GEAM). Our approach allows for the construction of steering inequalities that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Adam Rutkowski , Katarzyna Siudzińska

In non-relativistic quantum mechanics, measurements performed by separate observers are modeled via tensor products. In Algebraic Quantum Field Theory, though, local observables corresponding to space-like separated parties are just…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Miguel Navascues , David Perez-Garcia

Bell nonlocality between distant quantum systems---i.e., joint correlations which violate a Bell inequality---can be verified without trusting the measurement devices used, nor those performing the measurements. This leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-16 Sacha Kocsis , Michael J. W. Hall , Adam J. Bennet , Dylan J. Saunders , G. J. Pryde

The fact that nonlocality implies steering enables one to certify steerability by using a Bell inequality violation. Such a certification is device-independent (DI), i.e., one makes no assumption neither on the underlying state nor on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Huan-Yu Ku , Shin-Liang Chen , Hong-Bin Chen , Franco Nori , Yueh-Nan Chen

We derive steerability criteria applicable for both finite and infinite dimensional quantum systems using covariance matrices of local observables. We show that these criteria are useful to detect a wide range of entangled states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-06 Se-Wan Ji , Jaehak Lee , Jiyong Park , Hyunchul Nha

Steerability is a characteristic of quantum correlations lying in between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Understanding how these steering correlations can be shared between different parties has profound applications in ensuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Biswajit Paul , Kaushiki Mukherjee

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a form of quantum nonlocality which is weaker than Bell nonlocality, but stronger than entanglement. Here we present a method to check Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in the scenario where the steering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-21 Debarshi Das , Shounak Datta , C. Jebaratnam , A. S. Majumdar

Quantum steering is observed when performing appropriate local measurements on an entangled state. Here we discuss the possibility of simulating classically this effect, using classical communication instead of entanglement. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-14 Ana Belén Sainz , Leandro Aolita , Nicolas Brunner , Rodrigo Gallego , Paul Skrzypczyk

Quantum steering, measurement incompatibility, and instrument incompatibility have recently been recognized as unified manifestations of quantum incompatibility. Building on this perspective, we develop a general framework for constructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Kuan-Yi Lee , Jhen-Dong Lin , Adam Miranowicz , Yueh-Nan Chen

Within the hierarchy of inseparable quantum correlations, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is distinguished from both entanglement and Bell nonlocality by its asymmetry -- there exist conditions where the steering phenomenon changes from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 Sabine Wollmann , Nathan Walk , Adam J. Bennet , Howard M. Wiseman , G. J. Pryde

Measurements in the quantum domain can exceed classical notions. This concerns fundamental questions about the nature of the measurement process itself, as well as applications, such as their function as building blocks of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Jan Sperling , Ilaria Gianani , Marco Barbieri , Elizabeth Agudelo

Steering is one of the most counter intuitive non classical features of bipartite quantum system, first noticed by Schr\"odinger at the early days of quantum theory. On the other hand measurement incompatibility is another non classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-02 Manik Banik

Quantum steering is considered as one of the most well-known nonlocal phenomena in quantum mechanics. Unlike entanglement and Bell non-locality, the asymmetry of quantum steering makes it vital for one-sided device-independent quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Li-Juan Li , Xiao-Gang Fan , Xue-Ke Song , Liu Ye , Dong Wang
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