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The presence of noise in quantum computers hinders their effective operation. Even though quantum error correction can theoretically remedy this problem, its practical realization is still a challenge. Testing and benchmarking noisy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Adrian Ortega , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

The surface code is one the most promising alternatives for implementing fault-tolerant, large-scale quantum information processing. Its high threshold for single-qubit errors under stochastic noise is one of its most attrative features. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-29 Pejman Jouzdani , E. Novais , I. S. Tupitsyn , Eduardo R. Mucciolo

Quantum systems, in general, output data that cannot be simulated efficiently by a classical computer, and hence is useful for solving certain mathematical problems and simulating quantum many-body systems. This also implies, unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Keisuke Fujii , Masahito Hayashi

We study the properties of error correcting codes for noise models in the presence of asymmetries and/or correlations by means of the entanglement fidelity and the code entropy. First, we consider a dephasing Markovian memory channel and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 C. Cafaro , S. L'Innocente , C. Lupo , S. Mancini

Quantum memories represent one of the main ingredients of future quantum communication networks. Their certification is therefore a key challenge. Here we develop efficient certification methods for quantum memories. Considering a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-17 Pavel Sekatski , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Marie Ioannou , Mikael Afzelius , Nicolas Brunner

With experimental quantum computing technologies now in their infancy, the search for efficient means of testing the correctness of these quantum computations is becoming more pressing. An approach to the verification of quantum computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Matty J. Hoban , Elham Kashefi

Quantum error detection can produce unbiased expectation values that exponentially converge to noiseless results as the code distance is increased. Despite this, its performance as an error mitigation technique is relatively understudied on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yanis Le Fur , Ethan Egger , Hong-Ye Hu , Vincent Russo , William J. Zeng , Ryan LaRose

Quantum noise constitutes a fundamental obstacle to realizing practical quantum technologies. To address the pivotal challenge of identifying quantum systems least affected by noise, we introduce the purest quantum state identification,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Yingqi Yu , Honglin Chen , Jun Wu , Wei Xie , Xiangyang Li

The implementation of practical error correction protocols is essential for deployment of quantum information technologies. Ways of exploiting high-spin nuclei, which have multi-level quantum resources, have attracted interest in this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Sumin Lim , Arzhang Ardavan

The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Mitsuki Katsuda , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum error correction becomes a practical possibility only if the physical error rate is below a threshold value that depends on a particular quantum code, syndrome measurement circuit, and decoding algorithm. Here we present an…

The error correcting capabilities of the Calderbank-Shor-Steane [[7,1,3]] quantum code, together with a fault-tolerant syndrome extraction by means of several ancilla states, have been numerically studied. A simple probability expression to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pedro J. Salas

Characterizing and mitigating errors in current noisy intermediate-scale devices is important to improve performance of next generations of quantum hardware. In order to investigate the importance of the different noise mechanisms affecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Gabriele Cenedese , Giuliano Benenti , Maria Bondani

Quantum computation has made considerable progress in the last decade with multiple emerging technologies providing proof-of-principle experimental demonstrations of such calculations. However, these experimental demonstrations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Samudra Dasgupta , Travis S. Humble

Rigorously establishing that the error in an experimental quantum operation is beneath the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation currently requires considering the worst-case error, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Joel J. Wallman

The robustness of quantum memory against physical noises is measured by two methods: the exact and approximate quantum error correction (QEC) conditions for error recoverability, and the decoder-dependent error threshold which assesses if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

We study the performance of simple quantum error correcting codes with respect to correlated noise errors characterized by a finite correlation strength. Specifically, we consider bit flip (phase flip) noisy quantum memory channels and use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Carlo Cafaro , Stefano Mancini

Quantum error correcting codes have been shown to have the ability of making quantum information resilient against noise. Here we show that we can use quantum error correcting codes as diagnostics to characterise noise. The experiment is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Laforest , D. Simon , J. -C. Boileau , J. Baugh , M. Ditty , R. Laflamme

We describe and realize an experimental procedure for assessing the incompatibility of two qubit measurements. The experiment consists in a state discrimination task where either measurement is used according to some partial intermediate…

We introduce a single-number metric, quantum volume, that can be measured using a concrete protocol on near-term quantum computers of modest size ($n\lesssim 50$), and measure it on several state-of-the-art transmon devices, finding values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 Andrew W. Cross , Lev S. Bishop , Sarah Sheldon , Paul D. Nation , Jay M. Gambetta