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We give necessary and sufficient criteria for a distribution to be smooth or uniformly H\"{o}lder continuous in terms of approximation sequences by smooth functions; in particular, in terms of those arising as regularizations…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-05-02 Stevan Pilipovic , Dimitris Scarpalezos , Jasson Vindas

We introduce a sharpness functional for probabilistic models that quantifies sharpness as an intrinsic property of the probability distribution. The measure is derived based on a rank-based concentration principle that tracks upward…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-03 Pekka Syrjänen

This paper considers structural optimization under a reliability constraint, where the input distribution is only partially known. Specifically, when we only know that the expected value vector and the variance-covariance matrix of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Yoshihiro Kanno

Fractional scoring has been proposed to avoid inconsistencies in the attribution of publications to percentile rank classes. Uncertainties and ambiguities in the evaluation of percentile ranks can be demonstrated most easily with small…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Michael Schreiber

The functional approach to compositional distributional semantics considers transitive verbs to be linear maps that transform the distributional vectors representing nouns into a vector representing a sentence. We conduct an initial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-12-15 Tamara Polajnar , Laura Rimell , Stephen Clark

Given a small random sample of $n$-bit strings labeled by an unknown Boolean function, which properties of this function can be tested computationally efficiently? We show an equivalence between properties that are efficiently testable from…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Cynthia Dwork , Pranay Tankala

Being able to predict the occurrence of extreme returns is important in financial risk management. Using the distribution of recurrence intervals---the waiting time between consecutive extremes---we show that these extreme returns are…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-27 Zhi-Qiang Jiang , Gang-Jin Wang , Askery Canabarro , Boris Podobnik , Chi Xie , H. Eugene Stanley , Wei-Xing Zhou

We develop and analyze $M$-estimation methods for divergence functionals and the likelihood ratios of two probability distributions. Our method is based on a non-asymptotic variational characterization of $f$-divergences, which allows the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-18 XuanLong Nguyen , Martin J. Wainwright , Michael I. Jordan

The functional linear model is an important extension of the classical regression model allowing for scalar responses to be modeled as functions of stochastic processes. Yet, despite the usefulness and popularity of the functional linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Ioannis Kalogridis , Stanislav Nagy

Many functionals of interest in statistics and machine learning can be written as minimizers of expected loss functions. Such functionals are called $M$-estimands, and can be estimated by $M$-estimators -- minimizers of empirical average…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Arunav Bhowmick , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

Sampling a target probability distribution with an unknown normalization constant is a fundamental challenge in computational science and engineering. Recent work shows that algorithms derived by considering gradient flows in the space of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Yifan Chen , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Sebastian Reich , Andrew M Stuart

Mixture distributions provide a versatile and widely used framework for modeling random phenomena, and are particularly well-suited to the analysis of geoscientific processes and their attendant risks to society. For continuous mixtures of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Michael R. Powers , Jiaxin Xu

Motivated by the Basel 3 regulations, recent studies have considered joint forecasts of Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. A large family of scoring functions can be used to evaluate forecast performance in this context. However, little…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-05-15 Johanna F. Ziegel , Fabian Krüger , Alexander Jordan , Fernando Fasciati

It has been argued persuasively that, in order to evaluate climate models, the probability distributions of model output need to be compared to the corresponding empirical distributions of observed data. Distance measures between…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-07-17 Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir , Tilmann Gneiting , Nadine Gissibl

We consider basic conceptual questions concerning the relationship between statistical estimation and causal inference. Firstly, we show how to translate causal inference problems into an abstract statistical formalism without requiring any…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-22 Oliver J. Maclaren , Ruanui Nicholson

We consider the problem of eliciting expert assessments of an uncertain parameter. The context is risk control, where there are, in fact, three uncertain parameters to be estimates. Two of these are probabilities, requiring the that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Paul B. Kantor

The paper explores the concept of the \emph{expectile risk measure} within the framework of the Fundamental Risk Quadrangle (FRQ) theory. According to the FRQ theory, a quadrangle comprises four stochastic functions associated with a random…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-07-13 Viktor Kuzmenko , Anton Malandii , Stan Uryasev

Engineering risk is concerned with the likelihood of failure and the scenarios when it occurs. The sensitivity of failure probability to change in system parameters is relevant to risk-informed decision making. Computing sensitivity is at…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-19 Siu-Kui Au , Zi-Jun Cao

In multiple criteria decision aiding, very often the alternatives are compared by means of a value function compatible with the preferences expressed by the Decision Maker. The problem is that, in general, there is a plurality of compatible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Sally Giuseppe Arcidiacono , Salvatore Corrente , Salvatore Greco

This paper deals with the Fisher-consistency, weak continuity and differentiability of estimating functionals corresponding to a class of both linear and nonlinear regression high breakdown M estimates, which includes S and MM estimates. A…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 María V. Fasano , Ricardo A. Maronna , Mariela Sued , Víctor J. Yohai