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The Chip Firing Game (CFG) is a discrete dynamical model used in physics, computer science and economics. It is known that the set of configurations reachable from an initial configuration (this set is called the configuration space) can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Clemence Magnien , Ha Duong Phan , Laurent Vuillon

We present a new game semantics for Martin-L\"of type theory (MLTT), our aim is to give a mathematical and intensional explanation of MLTT. Specifically, we propose a category with families of a novel variant of games, which induces a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Norihiro Yamada

This article is devoted to the tactical game theoretical interpretation of dialectics. Dialectical games are considered as abstractly as well as models of the internal dialogue and reflection. The models related to the representation theory…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Denis V. Juriev

The goal of this paper is to extend classical logic with a generalized notion of inductive definition supporting positive and negative induction, to investigate the properties of this logic, its relationships to other logics in the area of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Marc Denecker

We refine a model for linear logic based on two well-known ingredients: games and simulations. We have already shown that usual simulation relations form a sound notion of morphism between games; and that we can interpret all linear logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-05-26 Pierre Hyvernat

Modern large language models (LLMs) employ diverse logical inference mechanisms for reasoning, making the strategic optimization of these approaches critical for advancing their capabilities. This paper systematically investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tianshi Zheng , Jiayang Cheng , Chunyang Li , Haochen Shi , Zihao Wang , Jiaxin Bai , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Y. Wong , Simon See

In functional programming, datatypes a la carte provide a convenient modular representation of recursive datatypes, based on their initial algebra semantics. Unfortunately it is highly challenging to implement this technique in proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Paolo Torrini , Tom Schrijvers

Reasoning is an important task for large language models (LLMs). Among all the reasoning paradigms, inductive reasoning is one of the fundamental types, which is characterized by its particular-to-general thinking process and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kedi Chen , Dezhao Ruan , Yuhao Dan , Yaoting Wang , Siyu Yan , Xuecheng Wu , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Biqing Qi , Linyang Li , Qipeng Guo , Xiaoming Shi , Wei Zhang

Reasoning encompasses two typical types: deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Despite extensive research into the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), most studies have failed to rigorously differentiate between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Kewei Cheng , Jingfeng Yang , Haoming Jiang , Zhengyang Wang , Binxuan Huang , Ruirui Li , Shiyang Li , Zheng Li , Yifan Gao , Xian Li , Bing Yin , Yizhou Sun

The logic of information flows (LIF) is a general framework in which tasks of a procedural nature can be modeled in a declarative, logic-based fashion. The first contribution of this paper is to propose semantic and syntactic definitions of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Heba Aamer , Bart Bogaerts , Dimitri Surinx , Eugenia Ternovska , Jan Van den Bussche

Logical rules are a popular knowledge representation language in many domains, representing background knowledge and encoding information that can be derived from given facts in a compact form. However, rule formulation is a complex process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Cristina Cornelio , Veronika Thost

Formal deductive systems are very common in computer science. They are used to represent logics, programming languages, and security systems. Moreover, writing programs that manipulate them and that reason about them is important and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Francisco Ferreira Ruiz

Cubical type theory provides a constructive justification to certain aspects of homotopy type theory such as Voevodsky's univalence axiom. This makes many extensionality principles, like function and propositional extensionality, directly…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Thierry Coquand , Simon Huber , Anders Mörtberg

This work presents a novel systematic methodology to analyse the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) with feedback from a formal inference engine, on logic theory induction. The analysis is complexity-graded w.r.t.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 João Pedro Gandarela , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Recent large language models have demonstrated relevant capabilities in solving problems that require logical reasoning; however, the corresponding internal mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we show that a small language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Davide Maltoni , Matteo Ferrara

In this paper we study the logical foundations of automated inductive theorem proving. To that aim we first develop a theoretical model that is centered around the difficulty of finding induction axioms which are sufficient for proving a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Stefan Hetzl , Tin Lok Wong

The paper gives a soundness and completeness proof for the implicative fragment of intuitionistic calculus with respect to the semantics of computability logic, which understands intuitionistic implication as interactive algorithmic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-04-15 Giorgi Japaridze

Learning to code, and more broadly, learning about computer science is a growing field of activity and research. Under the label of computational thinking, computational concepts are increasingly used as cognitive tools in many subject…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Hannah M. Dee , Jordi Freixenet , Xavier Cufi , Eduard Muntaner Perich , Valentina Poggioni , Marius Marian , Alfredo Milani

The goal of inductive logic programming is to induce a logic program (a set of logical rules) that generalises training examples. Inducing programs with many rules and literals is a major challenge. To tackle this challenge, we introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Andrew Cropper , Céline Hocquette

In this paper, some classes of discrete functions of $k$-valued logic are considered, that depend on sets of their variables in a particular way. Obtained results allow to "construct" these functions and to present them in their tabular,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-12-24 Dimiter Stoichkov Kovachev