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This paper suggests parametrically transformed nested error regression models (TNERM), which transform the data flexibly to follow the normal linear mixed regression. We provide a procedure for estimating consistently the parameters of the…

The aim of the plsRglm package is to deal with complete and incomplete datasets through several new techniques or, at least, some which were not yet implemented in R. Indeed, not only does it make available the extension of the PLS…

We show that pooling countries across a panel dimension to macroeconomic data can improve by a statistically significant margin the generalization ability of structural, reduced form, and machine learning (ML) methods to produce…

Analysis of repair systems usually uses an As Good As New or As Bad As Old repair assumptions. In practice, repair actions do not result in such extreme situations, but rather in a complex transitional one, that is imperfect maintenance,…

Maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding can be used to obtain the optimal performance of error correction codes. However, the size of the search space and consequently the decoding complexity grows exponentially, making it impractical to be…

Based on the work of Romano and Shaikh (2006) and Lehmann and Romano (2005) we give a sufficient criterion for controlling generalised error rates for arbitrarily dependent p-values. This criterion is formulated in terms of matrices…

Across scientific domains, a fundamental challenge is to characterize and compute the mappings from underlying physical processes to observed signals and measurements. While nonlinear neural networks have achieved considerable success, they…

Empirical researchers often use diagnostic checks to assess the plausibility of their modeling assumptions, such as testing for covariate balance in RCTs, pre-trends in event studies, or instrument validity in IV designs. While these checks…

Large language models (LLMs) excel on multiple-choice clinical diagnosis benchmarks, yet it is unclear how much of this performance reflects underlying probabilistic reasoning. We study this through questions from MedQA, where the task is…

Process Reward Models (PRMs) emerge as a promising approach for process supervision in mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which aim to identify and mitigate intermediate errors in the reasoning processes. However, the…

Recent research has shown that large language models (LLMs) favor their own outputs when acting as judges, undermining the integrity of automated post-training and evaluation workflows. However, it is difficult to disentangle which…

With the advent of DeepSeek-R1, a new wave of reinforcement learning (RL) methods has emerged that seem to unlock stronger mathematical reasoning. However, a closer look at the open-source ecosystem reveals a critical limitation: with…

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to enable Large Language Models (LLMs) perform Question Answering (QA) tasks in various domains. However, RAG based on open-source LLM for specialized domains has challenges of evaluating…

Complementary product recommendation, which aims to suggest items that are used together to enhance customer value, is a crucial yet challenging task in e-commerce. While existing graph neural network (GNN) approaches have made significant…

Empirical research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has adopted a narrow set of principles for assessing hypotheses, relying mainly on p-value computation, which suffers from several known issues. While alternative proposals have been…

Detection limit (DL) has become an increasingly ubiquitous issue in statistical analyses of biomedical studies, such as cytokine, metabolite and protein analysis. In regression analysis, if an explanatory variable is left-censored due to…

In epidemiology, some have argued that multiple comparison corrections are not necessary as there is rarely interest in the universal null hypothesis. From a parameter estimation perspective, epidemiologists may still be interested in…

Random Field Theory has been used in the fMRI literature to address the multiple comparisons problem. The method provides an analytical solution for the computation of precise p-values when its assumptions are met. When its assumptions are…

Recent work on Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has highlighted the importance of language modeling in that it is certainly possible to achieve good performance by comparing the probabilities of the proposed edits. At the same time,…

High-throughput data analyses are becoming common in biology, communications, economics and sociology. The vast amounts of data are usually represented in the form of matrices and can be considered as knowledge networks. Spectra-based…