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Nonconvex optimization underlies many modern machine learning and control tasks, where saddle points pose the dominant obstacle to reliable convergence in high-dimensional settings. Escaping these saddle points deterministically using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Liraz Mudrik , Isaac Kaminer , Sean Kragelund , Abram H. Clark

Large-scale non-convex optimization problems are expensive to solve due to computational and memory costs. To reduce the costs, first-order (computationally efficient) and asynchronous-parallel (memory efficient) algorithms are necessary to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-21 Marco Bornstein , Jin-Peng Liu , Jingling Li , Furong Huang

In a recent joint work, the author has developed a modification of Newton's method, named New Q-Newton's method, which can avoid saddle points and has quadratic rate of convergence. While good theoretical convergence guarantee has not been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Tuyen Trung Truong

In this paper, we propose a Newton method for unconstrained set optimization problems to find its weakly minimal solutions with respect to lower set-less ordering. The objective function of the problem under consideration is given by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Debdas Ghosh , Anshika , Qamrul Hasan Ansari , Xiaopeng Zhao

The problem of saddle-point avoidance for non-convex optimization is quite challenging in large scale distributed learning frameworks, such as Federated Learning, especially in the presence of Byzantine workers. The celebrated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Avishek Ghosh , Raj Kumar Maity , Arya Mazumdar , Kannan Ramchandran

The proliferation of saddle points, rather than poor local minima, is increasingly understood to be a primary obstacle in large-scale non-convex optimization for machine learning. Variable elimination algorithms, like Variable Projection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Min Gan , Guang-Yong Chen , Yang Yi , Lin Yang

Finding an $\epsilon$-stationary point of a nonconvex function with a Lipschitz continuous Hessian is a central problem in optimization. Regularized Newton methods are a classical tool and have been studied extensively, yet they still face…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Yuhao Zhou , Jintao Xu , Bingrui Li , Chenglong Bao , Chao Ding , Jun Zhu

This paper shows that a perturbed form of gradient descent converges to a second-order stationary point in a number iterations which depends only poly-logarithmically on dimension (i.e., it is almost "dimension-free"). The convergence rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Chi Jin , Rong Ge , Praneeth Netrapalli , Sham M. Kakade , Michael I. Jordan

We consider the problem of finding local minimizers in non-convex and non-smooth optimization. Under the assumption of strict saddle points, positive results have been derived for first-order methods. We present the first known results for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Zhishen Huang , Stephen Becker

Despite their popularity in the field of continuous optimisation, second-order quasi-Newton methods are challenging to apply in machine learning, as the Hessian matrix is intractably large. This computational burden is exacerbated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Elre T. Oldewage , Ross M. Clarke , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

We propose perturbed proximal algorithms that can provably escape strict saddles for nonsmooth weakly convex functions. The main results are based on a novel characterization of $\epsilon$-approximate local minimum for nonsmooth functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Minhui Huang , Weiming Zhu

We propose and analyze several inexact regularized Newton-type methods for finding a global saddle point of convex-concave unconstrained min-max optimization problems. Compared to first-order methods, our understanding of second-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Tianyi Lin , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Michael I. Jordan

Newton's method is a fundamental technique in optimization with quadratic convergence within a neighborhood around the optimum. However reaching this neighborhood is often slow and dominates the computational costs. We exploit two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Hadi Daneshmand , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

The note considers normalized gradient descent (NGD), a natural modification of classical gradient descent (GD) in optimization problems. A serious shortcoming of GD in non-convex problems is that GD may take arbitrarily long to escape from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-25 Ryan Murray , Brian Swenson , Soummya Kar

In modern deep learning, highly subsampled stochastic approximation (SA) methods are preferred to sample average approximation (SAA) methods because of large data sets as well as generalization properties. Additionally, due to perceived…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry , Nick Alger , Omar Ghattas

Recent focus on robustness to adversarial attacks for deep neural networks produced a large variety of algorithms for training robust models. Most of the effective algorithms involve solving the min-max optimization problem for training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Yasaman Esfandiari , Aditya Balu , Keivan Ebrahimi , Umesh Vaidya , Nicola Elia , Soumik Sarkar

We consider minimizing a nonconvex, smooth function $f$ on a Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$. We show that a perturbed version of Riemannian gradient descent algorithm converges to a second-order stationary point (and hence is able to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-19 Yue Sun , Nicolas Flammarion , Maryam Fazel

Many data-fitting applications require the solution of an optimization problem involving a sum of large number of functions of high dimensional parameter. Here, we consider the problem of minimizing a sum of $n$ functions over a convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-29 Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Michael W. Mahoney

Superlinear convergence has been an elusive goal for black-box nonsmooth optimization. Even in the convex case, the subgradient method is very slow, and while some cutting plane algorithms, including traditional bundle methods, are popular…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Adrian Lewis , Calvin Wylie

This paper considers the problem of understanding the behavior of a general class of accelerated gradient methods on smooth nonconvex functions. Motivated by some recent works that have proposed effective algorithms, based on Polyak's heavy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Rishabh Dixit , Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Waheed U. Bajwa