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We report on the realization of a novel SiPM-based, cryogenic photosensor with an active area of 24 cm$^2$ that operates as a single-channel analog detector. The device is capable of single photon counting with a signal to noise ratio…

We have studied the feasibility of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to detect liquid xenon (LXe) scintillation light. The SiPM was operated inside a small volume of pure LXe, at -95 degree Celsius, irradiated with an internal Am-241 alpha…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 E. Aprile , P. Cushman , K. Ni , P. Shagin

In this article we describe the photon detection readout electronics for the nEDM@SNS experiment. The chosen "photon counting" architecture, which utilizes high-efficiency silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and is appropriate for low-light…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-09-28 V. Cianciolo , Yu. V. Efremenko , L. Fabris , S. K. Imam , S. I. Penttila J. C. Ramsey , R. Santos Estrada

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are potential solid-state alternatives to traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for single-photon detection. In this paper, we report on evaluating SensL MicroFC-10035-SMT SiPMs for their suitability as…

We report on the progress in characterization of the Hamamatsu model R11410-21 Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for XENON1T dark matter experiment. The absolute quantum efficiency (QE) of the PMT was measured at low temperatures down to -110…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Alexey Lyashenko

An electron-on-helium qubit is a promising physical platform for quantum information technologies. Among all the "blueprints" for the qubit realization, a hybrid Rydberg-spin qubit seems to be a promising one towards quantum computing using…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Mikhail Belianchikov , Jakob A. Kraus , Denis Konstantinov

The next-generation liquid xenon experiments like PandaX-xT target an energy range from sub-keV to multi-MeV to address the requirement of multiple physics searches. The Hamamatsu R12699-406-M4 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were developed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-21 Houqi Huang , Peiyuan Chen , Ke Han , Yang Liu , Guanbo Wang , Shaobo Wang , Weihao Wu , Binbin Yan , Peihua Ye , Jiaxu Zhou , Zhizhen Zhou

As the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source enters Phase II, the increase in proton beam power will lead to a further boost in the intensity of pulsed neutron beams. To address the demand for higher event-rate readout electronics for…

The performance of amorphous selenium (a-Se) as a cryogenic photodetector material is evaluated through a series of experiments using laterally structured devices operated in a custom optical test stand. These studies investigate the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-03 M. Rooks , S. Abbaszadeh , J. Asaadi , V. A. Chirayath , M. Febbraro , M. Á. García-Peris , E. Gramellini , K. Hellier , B. Sudarsan , I. Tzoka

We fabricated a superconducting single X-ray photon detector based on W0.8Si0.2, and we characterized its basic detection performance for keV-photons at different temperatures. The detector has a critical temperature of 4.97 K, and it is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-10-31 X. Zhang , Q. Wang , A. Schilling

Ton-scale liquid xenon detectors operated in two-phase mode are proposed and being constructed recently to explore the favored parameter space for the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) dark matter. To achieve a better light…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-05-13 Y Wei , Q Lin , X Xiao , K Ni

The PandaX-xT is a next-generation experiment with broad scientific goals, including the search for dark matter, Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, and astrophysical neutrinos, using a dual-phase time projection chamber with about 43 tons of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-09 Xu Wang , Li Zhao , Xiang Xiao , Xiangyi Cui , Shuaijie Li , Jianglai Liu

An x-ray detector for a solar axion search was developed. The detector is operated at 60K in a cryostat of a superconducting magnet. Special care was paid to microphonic noise immunity and mechanical structure against thermal contraction.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 T. Namba , Y. Inoue , S. Moriyama , M. Minowa

We have developed an efficient cryogenic system with heat exchange and associated gas purification system, as a prototype for the XENON1T experiment. The XENON1T detector will use about 3 ton of liquid xenon (LXe) at a temperature of 175K…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-11 Elena Aprile , Ran Budnik , Bin Choi , Hugo Contreras , Karl Giboni , Luke Goetzke , Rafael Lang , Kyungeun Lim , Antonio melgarejo , Petr Shagin

This work presents a comprehensive characterization of the FERS 5202 front-end readout unit when processing signals from Silicon Photo-multipliers (SiPMs). The readout system's performance is characterized in terms of its charge resolution,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-24 R. M. I. D Gamage , F. Ambrosino , L. Cimmino , G. Nyitrai , G. Saracino

We present the design of an automated current-voltage (IV) multiplexer (MUX) that enables accurate measurement of the dark current in cryogenic silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), achieving a sensitivity equivalent to detecting less than one…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-01 Lucas Darroch , Eamon Egan , Marc-Antoine Leclerc , Thomas McElroy , Thomas Brunner

A successful operation of a new optical readout system (THGEM + WLS + MGPDs (multichannel array of multipixel avalanche Geiger photodiodes) in a two-phase liquid xenon detector was demonstrated.

We discuss recent advances in the development of cryogenic gaseous photomultipliers (GPM), for possible use in dark matter and other rare-event searches using noble-liquid targets. We present results from a 10 cm diameter GPM coupled to a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-10-28 L. Arazi , A. E. C. Coimbra , E. Erdal , I. Israelashvili , M. L. Rappaport , S. Shchemelinin , D. Vartsky , J. M. F. dos Santos , A. Breskin

A cryogenic detector system based on two 3.3 kg high-purity CsI crystals was developed and characterized at approximately 95 K. Each wedge-shaped crystal was coupled to dual-ended 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for scintillation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-23 Chen'guang Su , Lingquan Kong , Qian Liu , Shi Chen , Wenqian Huang , Kimiya Moharrami , Yangheng Zheng , Jin Li

We apply the standard photovoltaic technique of texturing to reduce the reflectivity of silicon cryogenic calorimetric light detectors. In the case of photons with random incidence angles, absorption is compatible with the increase in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2007-05-23 P. C. F. Di Stefano , T. Frank , G. Angloher , M. Bruckmayer , C. Cozzini , D. Hauff , F. Proebst , S. Rutzinger , W. Seidel , L. Stodolsky , J. Schmidt