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In this paper, we extend the method proposed in \cite{Arkani-Hamed:2024fyd} for deriving soft theorems of amplitudes, which relies exclusively on factorization properties including conventional factorizations on physical poles, as well as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou

General relativity is highly successful in explaining a wide range of gravitational phenomena including the gravitational waves emitted by binary systems and the shadows cast by supermassive black holes. From a modern perspective the theory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-26 Jesse Daas , Cristobal Laporte , Frank Saueressig , Tim van Dijk

It is known that for N=8 supergravity, the double-soft-scalar limit of a n-point amplitude is given by a sum of local SU(8) rotations acting on a (n-2)-point amplitude. For N<8 supergravity theories, complication arises due to the presence…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 Wei-Ming Chen , Yu-tin Huang , Congkao Wen

In this review we describe a non-trivial relationship between perturbative gauge theory and gravity scattering amplitudes. At the semi-classical or tree level, the scattering amplitudes of gravity theories in flat space can be expressed as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Zvi Bern

We evaluate in great detail one-loop four-graviton field theory amplitudes in pure N=4 D=4 supergravity. The expressions are obtained by taking the field theory limits of (4,0) and (2,2) space-time supersymmetric string theory models. For…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Piotr Tourkine , Pierre Vanhove

We study scattering equations and formulas for tree amplitudes of various theories in four dimensions, in terms of spinor helicity variables and on-shell superspace for supersymmetric theories. As originally obtained in Witten's twistor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-15 Song He , Zhengwen Liu , Jun-Bao Wu

n-Dimensional pure gravity theory can be obtained as the effective theory of an n+1 model (with non-compact extra dimension) where general n+1 reparametrization invariance is explicitly broken in the extra dimension. As was pointed out in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 P. M. Llatas

If a set of massive objects collide in space and the fragments disperse, possibly forming black holes, then this process will emit gravitational waves. Computing the detailed gravitational wave-form associated with this process is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-24 Ashoke Sen

Using relationships between open and closed strings, we present a construction of tree-level scattering amplitudes for gravitons minimally coupled to matter in terms of gauge theory partial amplitudes. In particular, we present examples of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Z. Bern , A. De Freitas , H. L. Wong

The universality of gravitational scattering at low energies and large distances encoded in soft theorems and memory effects can be understood from symmetries. In four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes the infinite enhancement of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Sangmin Choi , Alok Laddha , Andrea Puhm

We analyze the low-energy behavior of scattering amplitudes involving gravitons at loop level in four dimensions. The single-graviton soft limit is controlled by soft operators which have been argued to separate into a factorized piece and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-11 Johannes Broedel , Marius de Leeuw , Jan Plefka , Matteo Rosso

We show that the soft photon, gluon and graviton theorems can be understood as the Ward-Takahashi identities of large gauge transformation, i.e., diffeomorphism that does not fall off at spatial infinity. We found infinitely many new…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Yuta Hamada , Gary Shiu

Recently, new soft graviton theorem proposed by Cachazo and Strominger has inspired a lot of works. In this note, we use the KLT-formula to investigate the theorem. We have shown how the soft behavior of color ordered Yang-Mills amplitudes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Yi-Jian Du , Bo Feng , Chih-Hao Fu , Yihong Wang

If a set of charged objects collide in space and the fragments disperse, then this process will emit electromagnetic waves. Classical soft photon theorem determines the constant term and the leading power law fall-off of the wave-form at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-14 Debanjan Karan , Babli Khatun , Biswajit Sahoo , Ashoke Sen

We derive a new model-independent double-soft dilaton theorem, taking into account the spacetime dependence of the dilation commutator $[i Q_D,{\cal O}(x)]= (\Delta_{\cal O} + x \cdot \partial){\cal O}(x)$. The procedure restores positivity…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-08-25 Roman Zwicky

It has been known for some time that the asymptotic structure of spacetime and soft theorems are closely related. To study the structure of future null infinity, studying the classical soft graviton theorem is often quite helpful. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-01 Raikhik Das

We show that that four dimensional conformal gravity plus a simple Neumann boundary condition can be used to get the semiclassical (or tree level) wavefunction of the universe of four dimensional asymptotically de-Sitter or Euclidean…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-06-10 Juan Maldacena

Using universal predictions provided by classical soft theorems, we revisit the energy emission spectrum for gravitational scatterings of compact objects in the low-frequency expansion. We calculate this observable beyond the zero-frequency…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-31 Francesco Alessio , Paolo Di Vecchia , Carlo Heissenberg

In this work we employ the MHV technique to show that scattering amplitudes with any number of consecutive soft particles behave universally in the multi-soft limit in which all particles go soft simultaneously. After identifying the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 George Georgiou

We analyze the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters obtained in grand unified theories after integrating out the heavy GUT-states. The superfield formalism greatly simplifies the calculations and allows us to derive the low-energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 Alex Pomarol , Savas Dimopoulos