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Smart audio devices are gated by an always-on lightweight keyword spotting program to reduce power consumption. It is however challenging to design models that have both high accuracy and low latency for accurate and fast responsiveness.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-23 Bo Zhang , Wenfeng Li , Qingyuan Li , Weiji Zhuang , Xiangxiang Chu , Yujun Wang

We propose a variation to the commonly used Word Error Rate (WER) metric for speech recognition evaluation which incorporates the alignment of phonemes, in the absence of time boundary information. After computing the Levenshtein alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Nicholas Ruiz , Marcello Federico

Word embedding learning methods require a large number of occurrences of a word to accurately learn its embedding. However, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words which do not appear in the training corpus emerge frequently in the smaller downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Gordon Buck , Andreas Vlachos

Speech recognition is a sequence prediction problem. Besides employing various deep learning approaches for framelevel classification, sequence-level discriminative training has been proved to be indispensable to achieve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Zhehuai Chen , Yanmin Qian , Kai Yu

Publicly available TTS datasets for low-resource languages like Hindi and Tamil typically contain 10-20 hours of data, leading to poor vocabulary coverage. This limitation becomes evident in downstream applications where domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Srija Anand , Praveen Srinivasa Varadhan , Ashwin Sankar , Giri Raju , Mitesh M. Khapra

The acoustic-to-word model based on the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) criterion was shown as a natural end-to-end (E2E) model directly targeting words as output units. However, the word-based CTC model suffers from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Jinyu Li , Guoli Ye , Amit Das , Rui Zhao , Yifan Gong

State-of-the-art NLP systems represent inputs with word embeddings, but these are brittle when faced with Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) words. To address this issue, we follow the principle of mimick-like models to generate vectors for unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Lihu Chen , Gaël Varoquaux , Fabian M. Suchanek

On word segmentation problems, machine learning architecture engineering often draws attention. The problem representation itself, however, has remained almost static as either word lattice ranking or character sequence tagging, for at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Mike Tian-Jian Jiang

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) underpins many vision and robotics tasks that require generalizable semantic understanding. Existing approaches either rely on limited segmentation training data, which hinders generalization, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Omar Alama , Darshil Jariwala , Avigyan Bhattacharya , Seungchan Kim , Wenshan Wang , Sebastian Scherer

Keyword spotting (KWS) is an important technique for speech applications, which enables users to activate devices by speaking a keyword phrase. Although a phoneme classifier can be used for KWS, exploiting a large amount of transcribed data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-23 Takuya Higuchi , Anmol Gupta , Chandra Dhir

Current image-based keypoint detection methods for animal (including human) bodies and faces are generally divided into full-supervised and few-shot class-agnostic approaches. The former typically relies on laborious and time-consuming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hao Zhang , Lumin Xu , Shenqi Lai , Wenqi Shao , Nanning Zheng , Ping Luo , Yu Qiao , Kaipeng Zhang

As human-machine voice interfaces provide easy access to increasingly intelligent machines, many state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are proposed. However, commercial ASR systems usually have poor performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Yanan Jia

This paper describes our DKU-OPPO system for the 2022 Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification (SASV) Challenge. First, we split the joint task into speaker verification (SV) and spoofing countermeasure (CM), these two tasks which are optimized…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-18 Xingming Wang , Xiaoyi Qin , Yikang Wang , Yunfei Xu , Ming Li

Open-vocabulary object detection, which is concerned with the problem of detecting novel objects guided by natural language, has gained increasing attention from the community. Ideally, we would like to extend an open-vocabulary detector…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yuhang Zang , Wei Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Chen Huang , Chen Change Loy

Using audio and text embeddings jointly for Keyword Spotting (KWS) has shown high-quality results, but the key challenge of how to semantically align two embeddings for multi-word keywords of different sequence lengths remains largely…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

Knowledge extraction through sound is a distinctive property. Visually impaired individuals often rely solely on Braille books and audio recordings provided by NGOs. Due to limitations in these approaches, blind individuals often cannot…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Prateek Mehta , Anasuya Patil

Open-vocabulary object detection (OVOD) enables models to detect any object category, including unseen ones. Benefiting from large-scale pre-training, existing OVOD methods achieve strong detection performance on general scenarios (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Weihao Cao , Runqi Wang , Xiaoyue Duan , Jinchao Zhang , Ang Yang , Liping Jing

We present a novel Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) dataset for the Oromo language, a widely spoken language in Ethiopia and neighboring regions. The dataset was collected through a crowd-sourcing initiative, encompassing a diverse range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Turi Abu , Ying Shi , Thomas Fang Zheng , Dong Wang

Keyword Spotting (KWS) enables speech-based user interaction on smart devices. Always-on and battery-powered application scenarios for smart devices put constraints on hardware resources and power consumption, while also demanding high…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Simon Mittermaier , Ludwig Kürzinger , Bernd Waschneck , Gerhard Rigoll

Optimal Bayesian feature selection (OBFS) is a multivariate supervised screening method designed from the ground up for biomarker discovery. In this work, we prove that Gaussian OBFS is strongly consistent under mild conditions, and provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-04 Ali Foroughi pour , Lori A. Dalton