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This note derives asymptotic upper and lower bounds for the number of planted plane trees on $n$ nodes assigned labels from the set $\{1,2,\ldots, k\}$ with the restriction that on any path from the root to a leaf, the labels must strictly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Tsun-Ming Cheung , Luc Devroye , Marcel K. Goh

Rooted binary perfect phylogenies provide a generalization of rooted binary unlabeled trees in which each leaf is assigned a positive integer value that corresponds in a biological setting to the count of the number of indistinguishable…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-22 Chloe E. Shiff , Noah A. Rosenberg

Label tree-based algorithms are widely used to tackle multi-class and multi-label problems with a large number of labels. We focus on a particular subclass of these algorithms that use probabilistic classifiers in the tree nodes. Examples…

A multilabeled tree (or MUL-tree) is a rooted tree in which every leaf is labelled by an element from some set, but in which more than one leaf may be labelled by the same element of that set. In phylogenetics, such trees are used in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-16 Manuel Lafond , Nadia El-Mabrouk , Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton

A radio labelling of a graph $G$ is a mapping $f : V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2,\ldots\}$ such that $|f(u)-f(v)| \geq diam(G) + 1 - d(u,v)$ for every pair of distinct vertices $u,v$ of $G$, where $diam(G)$ is the diameter of $G$ and $d(u,v)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-11 Devsi Bantva , Samir Vaidya , Sanming Zhou

An adjacency sketching or implicit labeling scheme for a family $\cal F$ of graphs is a method that defines for any $n$ vertex $G \in \cal F$ an assignment of labels to each vertex in $G$, so that the labels of two vertices tell you whether…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Moni Naor , Eugene Pekel

The task of node classification is to infer unknown node labels, given the labels for some of the nodes along with the network structure and other node attributes. Typically, approaches for this task assume homophily, whereby neighboring…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Arpit Merchant , Michael Mathioudakis

Community detection is one of the fundamental problems of network analysis, for which a number of methods have been proposed. Most model-based or criteria-based methods have to solve an optimization problem over a discrete set of labels to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-12 Can M. Le , Elizaveta Levina , Roman Vershynin

Labeled infinite trees provide combinatorial interpretations for many integer sequences generated by nested recurrence relations. Typically, such sequences are monotone increasing. Several of these sequences also have straightforward…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Nathan Fox

We propose a similarity-based method, using the similarity between nodes, to address the problem of classification in partially labeled networks. The basic assumption is that two nodes are more likely to be categorized into the same class…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-10-05 Qian-Ming Zhang , Ming-Sheng Shang , Linyuan Lu

We study search trees with 2-way comparisons (2WCST's), which involve separate less-than and equal-to tests in their nodes, each test having two possible outcomes, yes and no. These trees have a much subtler structure than standard search…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Sunny Atalig , Marek Chrobak

Let $\mathcal{O}_n$ be the set of ordered labeled trees on ${0,...,n}$. A maximal decreasing subtree of an ordered labeled tree is defined by the maximal ordered subtree from the root with all edges being decreasing. In this paper, we study…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Seunghyun Seo , Heesung Shin

The degree distribution of an ordered tree $T$ with $n$ nodes is $\vec{n} = (n_0,\ldots,n_{n-1})$, where $n_i$ is the number of nodes in $T$ with $i$ children. Let $\mathcal{N}(\vec{n})$ be the number of trees with degree distribution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Dekel Tsur

We show optimal lower bounds for spanning forest computation in two different models: * One wants a data structure for fully dynamic spanning forest in which updates can insert or delete edges amongst a base set of $n$ vertices. The sole…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Jelani Nelson , Huacheng Yu

Supervised machine learning often requires large training sets to train accurate models, yet obtaining large amounts of labeled data is not always feasible. Hence, it becomes crucial to explore active learning methods for reducing the size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ashna Jose , Emilie Devijver , Massih-Reza Amini , Noel Jakse , Roberta Poloni

An ordered labeled tree is a tree in which the nodes are labeled and the left-to-right order among siblings is relevant. The edit distance between two ordered labeled trees is the minimum cost of changing one tree into the other through a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Shihyen Chen

We study the behavior of a label propagation algorithm (LPA) on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $\mathcal{G}(n,p)$. Initially, given a network, each vertex starts with a random label in the interval $[0,1]$. Then, in each round of LPA,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Marcos Kiwi , Lyuben Lichev , Dieter Mitsche , Paweł Prałat

Phylogenetic networks generalise phylogenetic trees and allow for the accurate representation of the evolutionary history of a set of present-day species whose past includes reticulate events such as hybridisation and lateral gene transfer.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-09-05 Joan Carles Pons , Charles Semple , Mike Steel

Given a graph $G = (V, E)$, we wish to compute a spanning tree whose maximum vertex degree, i.e. tree degree, is as small as possible. Computing the exact optimal solution is known to be NP-hard, since it generalizes the Hamiltonian path…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Ran Duan , Haoqing He , Tianyi Zhang

Codes over permutations under the infinity norm have been recently suggested as a coding scheme for correcting limited-magnitude errors in the rank modulation scheme. Given such a code, we show that a simple relabeling operation, which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-20 Itzhak Tamo , Moshe Schwartz