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An open problem for autonomous driving is how to validate the safety of an autonomous vehicle in simulation. Automated testing procedures can find failures of an autonomous system but these failures may be difficult to interpret due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Simulation-based virtual testing has become an essential step to ensure the safety of autonomous driving systems. Testers need to handcraft the virtual driving scenes and configure various environmental settings like surrounding traffic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Zhisheng Hu , Shengjian Guo , Zhenyu Zhong , Kang Li

Existing evaluation paradigms for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) face critical limitations. Real-world evaluation is often challenging due to safety concerns and a lack of reproducibility, whereas closed-loop simulation can face insufficient…

There have been numerous advances in reinforcement learning, but the typically unconstrained exploration of the learning process prevents the adoption of these methods in many safety critical applications. Recent work in safe reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-02 David Isele , Alireza Nakhaei , Kikuo Fujimura

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is paramount in their development and deployment. Safety-critical scenarios pose more severe challenges, necessitating efficient testing methods to validate AVs safety. This study focuses on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Rui Zhou

The viability of automated driving is heavily dependent on the performance of perception systems to provide real-time accurate and reliable information for robust decision-making and maneuvers. These systems must perform reliably not only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Apostol Vassilev , Munawar Hasan , Edward Griffor , Honglan Jin , Pavel Piliptchak , Mahima Arora , Thoshitha Gamage

This work presents proximally optimal predictive control algorithm, which is essentially a model-based lateral controller for steered autonomous vehicles that selects an optimal steering command within the neighborhood of previous steering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Chinmay Vilas Samak , Tanmay Vilas Samak , Sivanathan Kandhasamy

Autonomous vehicles have a great potential in the application of both civil and military fields, and have become the focus of research with the rapid development of science and economy. This article proposes a brief review on learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Qi Liu , Xueyuan Li , Shihua Yuan , Zirui Li

Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

Classical approaches and procedures for testing of automated vehicles of SAE levels 1 and 2 were based on defined scenarios with specific maneuvers, depending on the function under test. For automated driving systems (ADS) of SAE level 3+,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Demin Nalic , Hexuan Li , Arno Eichberger , Christoph Wellershaus , Aleksa Pandurevic , Branko Rogic

This literature review focuses on three important aspects of an autonomous car system: tracking (assessing the identity of the actors such as cars, pedestrians or obstacles in a sequence of observations), prediction (predicting the future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Florin Leon , Marius Gavrilescu

High-performance autonomy often must operate at the boundaries of safety. When external agents are present in a system, the process of ensuring safety without sacrificing performance becomes extremely difficult. In this paper, we present an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Stanley Bak , Johannes Betz , Abhinav Chawla , Hongrui Zheng , Rahul Mangharam

Winter conditions, characterized by the presence of ice and snow on the ground, are more likely to lead to road accidents. This paper presents an experimental proof of concept, with a 1/5th scale car platform, of a maneuver selection scheme…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Olivier Lecompte , William Therrien , Alexandre Girard

Scenario-based approaches for the validation of highly automated driving functions are based on the search for safety-critical characteristics of driving scenarios using software-in-the-loop simulations. This search requires information…

Many organizations are developing autonomous driving systems, which are expected to be deployed at a large scale in the near future. Despite this, there is a lack of agreement on appropriate methods to test, debug, and certify the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos , Hisahiro Ito , James Kapinski

Through the method of Learning Feedback Linearization, we seek to learn a linearizing controller to simplify the process of controlling a car to race autonomously. A soft actor-critic approach is used to learn a decoupling matrix and drift…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Michael Estrada , Sida Li , Xiangyu Cai

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

With the evolution of various advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) platforms, the design of autonomous driving system is becoming more complex and safety-critical. The autonomous driving system simultaneously activates multiple ADAS…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-15 MyungJae Shin , Joongheon Kim

Modern highly automated and autonomous traffic systems and subsystems require new approaches to test their functional safety in the context of validation and verification. One approach that has taken a leading role in current research is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-23 David Reiher , Axel Hahn

Evaluation methods for autonomous driving are crucial for algorithm optimization. However, due to the complexity of driving intelligence, there is currently no comprehensive evaluation method for the level of autonomous driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Shanhe You , Xuewen Luo , Xinhe Liang , Jiashu Yu , Chen Zheng , Jiangtao Gong