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Simulation of materials is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. On near-term hardware the crucial constraint on these simulations is circuit depth. Many quantum simulation algorithms rely on a layer of unitary…

Simulating the real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories, underlying the Standard Model of particle physics, is a notoriously difficult problem where quantum simulators can provide a practical advantage over classical approaches. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Torsten V. Zache , Daniel González-Cuadra , Peter Zoller

The Jordan-Wigner transformation maps a one-dimensional spin-1/2 system onto a fermionic model without spin degree of freedom. A double chain of quantum bits with XX and ZZ couplings of neighboring qubits along and between the chains,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-09 Jan-Michael Reiner , Michael Marthaler , Jochen Braumüller , Martin Weides , Gerd Schön

Light-matter coupled Hamiltonians are central to cavity materials engineering and polaritonic chemistry, but are challenging to simulate with classical hardware due to the scaling of the Hilbert space with the number of quantum photon modes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Francesco Troisi , Simone Latini , Heiko Appel , Martin Lüders , Angel Rubio , Ivano Tavernelli

We investigate the simulation of fermionic systems on a quantum computer. We show in detail how quantum computers avoid the dynamical sign problem present in classical simulations of these systems, therefore reducing a problem believed to…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-02-05 G. Ortiz , J. E. Gubernatis , E. Knill , R. Laflamme

In this paper, we aim to broaden the spectrum of possible applications of quantum computers and use their capabilities to investigate effects in cavity quantum electrodynamics ("cavity QED"). Interesting application examples are material…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Maria Tudorovskaya , David Muñoz Ramo

Quantum simulation of many-body systems offers a powerful approach to exploring collective quantum dynamics beyond classical computational reach. Although spin and fermionic models have been extensively simulated on digital quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Kelvin Yip , Alessandro Monteros , Sahel Ashhab , Lin Tian

The most scalable proposed methods of simulating lattice fermions on noisy quantum computers employ encodings that eliminate nonlocal operators using a constant factor more qubits and a nontrivial stabilizer group. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Riley W. Chien , Kanav Setia , Xavier Bonet-Monroig , Mark Steudtner , James D. Whitfield

Quantum simulations of many-body systems are among the most promising applications of quantum computers. In particular, models based on strongly-correlated fermions are central to our understanding of quantum chemistry and materials…

The ability to perform classically intractable electronic structure calculations is often cited as one of the principal applications of quantum computing. A great deal of theoretical algorithmic development has been performed in support of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-07 Andrew Tranter , Peter J. Love , Florian Mintert , Peter V. Coveney

Simulating electronic structure on a quantum computer requires encoding of fermionic systems onto qubits. Common encoding methods transform a fermionic system of $N$ spin-orbitals into an $N$-qubit system, but many of the fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Yu Shee , Pei-Kai Tsai , Cheng-Lin Hong , Hao-Chung Cheng , Hsi-Sheng Goan

Simulation of fermionic systems is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. It spans problems in quantum chemistry, high-energy physics and condensed matter. Underpinning the core steps of any quantum simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mitchell Chiew , Cameron Ibrahim , Ilya Safro , Sergii Strelchuk

Performing large-scale, accurate quantum simulations of many-fermion systems is a central challenge in quantum science, with applications in chemistry, materials, and high-energy physics. Despite significant progress, realizing generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Nishad Maskara , Marcin Kalinowski , Daniel Gonzalez-Cuadra , Mikhail D. Lukin

We show how to absorb fermionic quantum simulation's expensive fermion-to-qubit mapping overhead into the overhead already incurred by surface-code-based fault-tolerant quantum computing. The key idea is to process information in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Andrew J. Landahl , Benjamin C. A. Morrison

We propose a computational protocol for quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians on a quantum computer, enabling calculations which were previously not feasible with conventional encoding and ansatses of variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 Benchen Huang , Nan Sheng , Marco Govoni , Giulia Galli

Simulating molecular systems on quantum computers requires efficient mappings from Fermionic operators to qubit operators. Traditional mappings such as Jordan-Wigner or Bravyi-Kitaev often produce high-weight Pauli terms, increasing circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 James Brown , Tarini S Hardikar , Kenny Heitritter , Kanav Setia

Local Hamiltonians of fermionic systems on a lattice can be mapped onto local qubit Hamiltonians. Maintaining the locality of the operators comes at the expense of increasing the Hilbert space with auxiliary degrees of freedom. In order to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Jannes Nys , Giuseppe Carleo

Local interactions among electrons underlie many complex properties of correlated materials. While the Jordan-Wigner transformation can preserve this locality along one spatial dimension, interactions along the remaining dimensions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Gregor Aigner , Berend Klaver , Martin Lanthaler , Wolfgang Lechner

Simulating fermionic systems on a quantum computer requires a high-performing mapping of fermionic states to qubits. A characteristic of an efficient mapping is its ability to translate local fermionic interactions into local qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Mitchell Chiew , Sergii Strelchuk

Compact representations of fermionic Hamiltonians are necessary to perform calculations on quantum computers that lack error-correction. A fermionic system is typically defined within a subspace of fixed particle number and spin while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Diana Chamaki , Mekena Metcalf , Wibe A. de Jong