Related papers: Photon momentum and optical forces in cavities
Photons are almost involved in each field of science and daily life of everyone. However, there are still some fundamental and puzzling questions such as what a photon is.The expressions of electromagnetic fields of a photon are here…
Attempts to explain the refraction of light in dispersive media in terms of a photon or "corpuscular" model have heretofore been unable to account for the observed decrease in the speed of light as it passes from air into a region of higher…
It has been accepted that the polarization of the photon in vector beams is entangled with its momentum. Here a quantum description is advanced for the polarization that shows entanglement with the momentum. This is done by showing that the…
Thermal (or pseudo-thermal) radiation has been recently proposed for imaging and interference types of experiments to simulate entangled states. We report an experimental study on the momentum correlation properties of a pseudo-thermal…
A semiclassical kinetic theory is presented for the fluctuating photon flux emitted by a disordered medium in thermal equilibrium. The kinetic equation is the optical analog of the Boltzmann-Langevin equation for electrons. Vacuum…
Advancing quantum information, communication and sensing relies on the generation and control of quantum correlations in complementary degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of electron-photon pair states using the…
It is not possible to detect a vacuum fluctuation without a test particle interacting with the vacuum fluctuation in a measurable manner. In the quantum electrodynamics calculation presented here, a photon traveling through the vacuum is…
An intriguing consequence of quantum field theory is that vacuum is not empty space; it is full of quantum fluctuating electromagnetic fields, or virtual photons, corresponding to their zero-point energy, even though the average number of…
The motion of atoms and nanoparticles in a trap formed by sequences of counter-propagating light pulses has been analyzed. The atomic state is described by a wave function constructed with the use of the Monte Carlo method, whereas the…
The strong coupling between elementary excitations of the electromagnetic field (photons) and quantized mechanical vibrations (phonons) produces hybrid quasi-particle states, known as phonon-polaritons. Their typical signature is the…
Cavity magnonics deals with the interaction of magnons - elementary excitations in magnetic materials - and confined electromagnetic fields. We introduce the basic physics and review the experimental and theoretical progress of this young…
The force of electromagnetic radiation on a dielectric medium may be derived by a direct application of the Lorentz law of classical electrodynamics. While the light's electric field acts upon the (induced) bound charges in the medium, its…
Magnon-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles originating from the strong coupling between magnons and photons. They have emerged as a potential candidate for implementing quantum transducers and memories. Owing to the dampings…
A model of graviton momentum transfer was constructed to investigate a conjecture that gravitons are fused photons propagating in four dimensions. The model describes gravitational attraction between two bodies, each of simplified geometric…
Recently, condensed matter and atomic experiments have reached a length-scale and temperature regime where new quantum collective phenomena emerge. Finding such physics in systems of photons, however, is problematic, as photons typically do…
The electromagnetic vacuum is known to have energy. It has been recently argued that the quantum vacuum can possess momentum, that adds up to the momentum of matter. This ``Casimir momentum'' is closely related to the Casimir effect, in…
In cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), photons leaving the cavity can be irreversibly lost or reused as a power source. This dichotomy is reflected in two different thermodynamic bookkeepings of the light field, both corresponding to…
In a two-dimensional approximation, the probability density and current for a photoelectron near the localization of a quantum vortex are theoretically investigated. The wave function in the momentum representation, which we found earlier,…
Interactions between light and matter play an instrumental role in many fields of science, giving rise to important applications in spectroscopy, sensing, quantum information processing, and lasers. In most of these applications, light is…
Using a quantum field theoretic description of the photon it is shown that, as intuitively expected but not before theoretically proven, the vector potential of a photon has a likely amplitude associated with a discrete frequency and…