Related papers: Forces on Fields
The Lorentz force law of classical electrodynamics requires the introduction of hidden energy and hidden momentum in situations where an electric field acts on a magnetic material. In contrast, the Einstein-Laub formulation does not invoke…
Traditionally, Electromagnetism is taught following the chronological development of the matter. The final product of this path is a presentation of Electromagnetism realized by adding one layer over another with the risk of transferring…
A bivertical classical field theory include the Newtonian mechanics and Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory as the special cases. This unification allows to recognize the formal analogies among the notions of Newtonian mechanics and…
The similarity between electromagnetics and hydrodynamics has been noticed for a long time. Maxwell developed an analogy, where the magnetic field and the vector potential in electromagnetics are compared to the vorticity and velocity in…
We apply a simple decomposition to the energy of a moving particle. Based on this decomposition, we identify the potential and kinetic energies, then use them to give general definitions of momentum and the various kinds of forces exerted…
In quantum gauge theory of gravity, the gravitational field is represented by gravitational gauge field. The field strength of gravitational gauge field has both gravitational electric component and gravitational magnetic component. In…
Electromagnetic field of a fast electric charge in nuclear matter with spatially uniform but random topological charge density is derived. A useful approximation is developed for the relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
The self-force of a point charge moving on a rectilinear trajectory is obtained, with no need of any explicit removal of infinities, as the negative of the time rate of change of the momentum of its retarded self-field.
A new term describing interactions between charge and potentials may be added to the right hand side of the Einstein equations. In the proposed term an additional tensor has been introduced containing a charge density, analogous to the…
In the energy-momentum density expressions for a relativistic perfect fluid with a bulk motion, one comes across a couple of pressure-dependent terms, which though well known, are to an extent, lacking in their conceptual basis and the…
Photons are almost involved in each field of science and daily life of everyone. However, there are still some fundamental and puzzling questions such as what a photon is.The expressions of electromagnetic fields of a photon are here…
A four-vector field in flat space-time, satisfying a gauge-invariant set of second-order differential equations, is considered as a unified field. The model variational principle corresponds to the general covariance idea and gives rise to…
The force on electric and magnetic dipoles moving in vacuo is discussed in the general case of time-variable non-uniform fields and time-variable dipole moments, to first order in v/c and neglecting radiation reaction. Emphasis is given to…
Linearized general relativity admits a formulation in terms of gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields that closely parallels the description of the electromagnetic field by Maxwell's equations. For steady mass currents, this formalism…
From the energy-momentum tensors of the electromagnetic field and the mechanical energy-momentum, the equations of energy conservation and balance of electromagnetic and mechanical forces are obtained. The equation for the Abraham force in…
The paper studies the validity of Maxwell equation in the case for coexistence of electromagnetic field and gravitational field. With the algebra of quaternions, the Newton's law of gravitation is the same as that in classical theory of…
In 2+1 dimensions, the evolution of flow under the influence of an external electromagnetic field is simulated. The external electromagnetic field is exponentially decaying with time. Under the same initial conditions, flow evolution with…
One of the highlight of this note is that the author presents the relativistic gravity field that Einstein was looking for. The field is a byproduct of the matter in motion. This field can include both the discrete and continuous…
A charged particle subject to strong external forces will accelerate, and so radiate energy, inducing a self-force. This phenomenon remains contentious, but advances in laser technology mean we will soon encounter regimes where a more…
The standard derivations of electromagnetic energy and momentum in media take Maxwell's equations as the starting point. It is well known that for dispersive media this approach does not directly yield exact expressions for the energy and…