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The precise form of the foregrounds for sky-averaged measurements of the 21-cm line during and before the epoch of reionization is unknown. We suggest that the level of complexity in the foreground models used to fit global 21-cm data…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-26 Geraint Harker

Current-generation low frequency interferometers constructed with the objective of detecting the high-redshift 21 cm background, aim to generate power spectra of the brightness-temperature contrast of neutral hydrogen in primordial…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 S. A. Kohn , J. Aguirre , C. Nunhokee , G. Bernardi , J. Pober , Z. Ali , R. Bradley , C. Carilli , D. DeBoer , N. Gugliucci , D. Jacobs , P. Klima , D. MacMahon , J. Manley , D. Moore , A. Parsons , I. Stefan , W. Walbrugh

Detecting and characterizing the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn via the redshifted 21-cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen will revolutionize the study of the formation of the first stars, galaxies, black holes and intergalactic gas…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 F. G. Mertens , A. Ghosh , L. V. E. Koopmans

Measurement of redshifted 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen promises to be the most effective method for studying the reionisation history of hydrogen and, indirectly, the first galaxies. These studies will be limited not by raw…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-24 Paul M. Geil , B. M. Gaensler , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

Foreground power dominates the measurements of interferometers that seek a statistical detection of highly-redshifted HI emission from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The chromaticity of the instrument creates a boundary in the Fourier…

The redshifted 21-cm line of distant neutral H atoms provides a probe of the cosmic ``dark ages'' and the epoch of reionization (``EOR'') which ended them. The radio continuum produced by this redshifted line can be seen in absorption or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul R. Shapiro , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Ue-Li Pen , Hugh Merz

21 cm cosmology is a promising new probe of the evolution of visible matter in our universe, especially during the poorly-constrained Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization. However, in order to separate the 21 cm signal from bright…

Polarized foregrounds are going to be a serious challenge for detecting CMB cosmological B-modes. Both diffuse Galactic emission and extragalactic sources contribute significantly to the power spectrum on large angular scales. At low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-17 Clive Dickinson

One of the critical challenges facing imaging studies of the 21-cm signal at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is the separation of astrophysical foreground contamination. These foregrounds are known to lie in a wedge-shaped region of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-27 Samuel Gagnon-Hartman , Yue Cui , Jacob Kennedy , Adrian Liu , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

We use cosmological simulations of reionization to predict the possible signal from the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen in the pre-reionization era and to investigate the observability of this signal. We show that the separation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Peter A. Shaver

One of the main obstacles preventing the detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe is the astrophysical foreground emission, which is several orders of magnitude brighter than the signal. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-29 S. Munshi , F. G. Mertens , L. V. E. Koopmans , A. R. Offringa , E. Ceccotti , S. A. Brackenhoff , J. K. Chege , B. K. Gehlot , S. Ghosh , C. Höfer , M. Mevius

Statistical observations of the Epoch of Reionization using the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of structure formation and the first luminous objects. However, these observations are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Miguel F. Morales , Judd D. Bowman , Jacqueline N. Hewitt

When using valid foreground and signal models, the uncertainties on extracted signals in global 21-cm signal experiments depend principally on the overlap between signal and foreground models. In this paper, we investigate two strategies…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Keith Tauscher , David Rapetti , Jack O. Burns

Observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal emitted by neutral hydrogen represent a promising probe of large-scale structure in the universe. However, cosmological 21-cm signal is challenging to observe due to astrophysical foregrounds…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Haochen Wang , Juan Mena-Parra , Tianyue Chen , Kiyoshi Masui

Cross-correlating 21cm and Ly$\alpha$ intensity maps of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) promises to be a powerful tool for exploring the properties of the first galaxies. Next-generation intensity mapping experiments such as the Hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Tyler A. Cox , Daniel C. Jacobs , Steven G. Murray

A critical challenge in measuring the power spectrum of 21cm emission from cosmic reionization is compensating for the frequency dependence of an interferometer's sampling pattern, which can cause smooth-spectrum foregrounds to appear…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Aaron R. Parsons , Jonathan C. Pober , James E. Aguirre , Christopher L. Carilli , Daniel C. Jacobs , David F. Moore

The large-scale structure of the Universe should soon be measured at high redshift during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) through line-intensity mapping. A number of ongoing and planned surveys are using the 21 cm line to trace neutral…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-01 Angus Beane , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Adam Lidz

Using a combination of N-body simulations, semi-analytic models and radiative transfer calculations, we have estimated the theoretical cross power spectrum between galaxies and the 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of…

The high-redshift 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is expected to be observed within the next decade and will reveal epochs of cosmic evolution that have been previously inaccessible. Due to the lack of observations, many of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Aviad Cohen , Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana