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This review covers latest developments in continuous-variable quantum-state tomography of optical fields and photons, placing a special accent on its practical aspects and applications in quantum information technology. Optical homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 A. I. Lvovsky , M. G. Raymer

The determination of the quantum properties of a single mode radiation field by heterodyne or double homodyne detection is studied. The realistic case of not fully efficient photodetectors is considered. It is shown that a large amount of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Matteo G. A. Paris

Quantum tomography is a procedure to determine the quantum state of a physical system, or equivalently, to estimate the expectation value of any operator. It consists in appropriately averaging the outcomes of the measurement results of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 G. M. D'Ariano , L. Maccone , M. F. Sacchi

We present an analysis of the time domain measurement of temporally resolvable quantum states using balanced homodyne detection. Our approach outlines a formalism of detecting quantum states in arbitrary temporal modes via projection of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Owen Sandner , Brendan Mackey , Yuyang Liu , Connor Kupchak , Andrew MacRae

We suggest a general scheme for quantum state engineering based on conditional measurements carried out on entangled twin-beam of radiation. Realistic detection schemes such as {\sc on/off} photodetection, homodyne detection and joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Matteo G. A. Paris , Mary Cola , Rodolfo Bonifacio

We describe a novel tool for the quantum characterization of optical devices. The experimental setup involves a stable reference state that undergoes an unknown quantum transformation and is then revealed by balanced homodyne detection.…

In quantum physics, all measured observables are subject to statistical uncertainties, which arise from the quantum nature as well as the experimental technique. We consider the statistical uncertainty of the so-called sampling method, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-08 Thomas Kiesel

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

Balanced homodyning, heterodyning and unbalanced homodyning are the three well-known sampling techniques used in quantum optics to characterize all possible photonic sources in continuous-variable quantum information theory. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Yong Siah Teo , Hyunseok Jeong , Luis L. Sanchez-Soto

Quantum state tomography aims to determine the quantum state of a system from measured data and is an essential tool for quantum information science. When dealing with continuous variable quantum states of light, tomography is often done by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 J. L. E. Silva , S. Glancy , H. M. Vasconcelos

We propose to experimentally test the nonclassicality of quantum states through homodyne tomography. For single-mode states we check violations of inequalities involving the photon-number probability. For two-mode states we test the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 G. M. D'Ariano , M. F. Sacchi , P. Kumar

This paper discusses work developed in recent years, in the domain of quantum optics, which has led to a better understanding of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. New techniques have been proposed, and experimentally demonstrated,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Luiz Davidovich

We describe a new scheme for the measurement of mean photon flux at an arbitrary optical sideband frequency using homodyne detection. Experimental implementation of the technique requires an AOM in addition to the homodyne detector, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. G. Webb , T. C. Ralph , E. H. Huntington

The quantum spin states of atomic ensemble are of special interesting for both fundamental studies and precision measurement applications. Here, we propose a scheme to prepare collective quantum states of an atomic ensemble placed in an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Yan-Lei Zhang , Chuan-Sheng Yang , Chang-Ling Zou , Tian Xia , Guang-Can Guo , Xu-Bo Zou

Complete characterization of states and processes that occur within quantum devices is crucial for understanding and testing their potential to outperform classical technologies for communications and computing. However, solving this task…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-07 E. S. Tiunov , V. V. Tiunova , A. E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky , A. K. Fedorov

A new method is described for determining the quantum correlations at different times in optical pulses by using balanced homodyne detection. The signal pulse and sequences of ultrashort test pulses are superimposed, where for chosen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 T. Opatrny , D. -G. Welsch , W. Vogel

A review is given on phase-sensitive measurements, such as homodyne detection, for radiation fields and material systems. Methods of quantum-state reconstruction are considered for radiation fields, including multimode and pulsed radiation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-10 Dirk-Gunnar Welsch , Werner Vogel , Tomas Opatrny

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

The evolution of a quantum state undergoing radiative decay depends on how the emission is detected. We employ phase-sensitive amplification to perform homodyne detection of the spontaneous emission from a superconducting artificial atom.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-24 M. Naghiloo , N. Foroozani , D. Tan , A. Jadbabaie , K. W. Murch

Continuous variable quantum state tomography is one of the most powerful techniques to study the properties of light fields in quantum optics. However, the need for a fixed phase reference has so far prevented widespread usage in other…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-24 Johannes Thewes , Carolin Lüders , Marc Aßmann
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