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In the literature on Kleene algebra, a number of variants have been proposed which impose additional structure specified by a theory, such as Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) and the recent Kleene algebra with observations (KAO), or make…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Damien Pous , Jurriaan Rot , Jana Wagemaker

Kleene algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular events. Familiar examples of Kleene algebras include regular sets, relational algebras, and trace algebras. A Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-16 James Worthington

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is an algebraic framework for reasoning about the control flow of sequential programs. Generalising KAT to reason about concurrent programs is not straightforward, because axioms native to KAT in conjunction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva , Jana Wagemaker , Fabio Zanasi

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a foundational equational framework for reasoning about programs, which has found applications in program transformations, networking and compiler optimizations, among many other areas. In his seminal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Cheng Zhang , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Marco Gaboardi

Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) provides an elegant algebraic framework for describing non-deterministic finite-state computations. Using a small finite set of non-deterministic programming constructs (sequencing, non-deterministic choice,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Balder ten Cate , Tobias Kappé

Local Completeness Logic (LCL) has been put forward as a program logic for proving both the correctness and incorrectness of program specifications. LCL is an abstract logic, parameterized by an abstract domain that allows combining over-…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Marco Milanese , Francesco Ranzato

We investigate the algebraic reasoning of quantum programs inspired by the success of classical program analysis based on Kleene algebra. One prominent example of such is the famous Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT), which has furnished both…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yuxiang Peng , Mingsheng Ying , Xiaodi Wu

In the literature on Kleene algebra (KA), a number of variants have been proposed such as Kleene algebra with tests, commutative KA, bi-KA, and concurrent KA. The equational theories of some of these structures have then been studied in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lukas Mulder , Damien Pous , Jana Wagemaker

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT for short) is an efficient fragment of Kleene Algebra with Tests, suitable for reasoning about simple imperative while-programs. Following earlier work by Das and Pous on Kleene Algebra, we study GKAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Jan Rooduijn , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Relational verification encompasses information flow security, regression verification, translation validation for compilers, and more. Effective alignment of the programs and computations to be related facilitates use of simpler relational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Timos Antonopoulos , Eric Koskinen , Ton Chanh Le , Ramana Nagasamudram , David A. Naumann , Minh Ngo

Kleene algebra with tests, KAT, provides a simple two-sorted algebraic framework for verifying properties of propositional while programs. Kleene algebra with domain, KAD, is a one-sorted alternative to KAT. The equational theory of KAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Igor Sedlár , Johann J. Wannenburg

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) was introduced as an algebraic structure to model and reason about classic imperative programs, i.e. sequences of discrete transitions guarded by Boolean tests. This paper introduces two generalisations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Leandro Gomes , Alexandre Madeira , Luís Soares Barbosa

Kleene algebra (KA) is an important tool for reasoning about general program equivalences, with a decidable and complete equational theory. However, KA cannot always prove equivalences between specific programs. For this purpose, one adds…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Liam Chung , Tobias Kappé

TopKAT is the algebraic theory of Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) extended with a top element. Compared to KAT, one pleasant feature of TopKAT is that, in relational models, the top element allows us to express the domain and codomain of a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Cheng Zhang , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Marco Gaboardi

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is a variation on Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) that arises by restricting the union ($+$) and iteration ($*$) operations from KAT to predicate-guarded versions. We develop the (co)algebraic theory…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Steffen Smolka , Nate Foster , Justin Hsu , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is an equational system for program verification, which is the combination of Boolean algebra (BA) and Kleene algebra (KA), the algebra of regular expressions. In particular, KAT subsumes the propositional…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Ricardo Almeida , Sabine Broda , Nelma Moreira

We first propose algorithms for checking language equivalence of finite automata over a large alphabet. We use symbolic automata, where the transition function is compactly represented using a (multi-terminal) binary decision diagrams…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Damien Pous

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is an efficient fragment of KAT, as it allows for almost linear decidability of equivalence. In this paper, we study the (co)algebraic properties of GKAT. Our initial focus is on the fragment that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Todd Schmid , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Kleene algebras (KA) and Kleene algebras with tests (KAT) provide an algebraic framework to capture the behavior of conventional programming constructs. This paper explores a broader understanding of these structures, in order to enable the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Juliana Cunha , Alexandre Madeira , Luís S. Barbosa

We study versions of Kleene algebra with dynamic tests, that is, extensions of Kleene algebra with domain and antidomain operators. We show that Kleene algebras with tests and Propositional dynamic logic correspond to special cases of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Igor Sedlár
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