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Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are proven secure based on fundamental physical laws, however, the proofs consider a well-defined setting and encoding of the sent quantum signals only. Side channels, where the encoded quantum state…

As practical quantum networks prepare to serve an ever-expanding number of nodes, there has grown a need for advanced auxiliary classical systems that support the quantum protocols and maintain compatibility with the existing fiber-optic…

Ongoing technological progress is accelerating the commercial and global-scale deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Its ability to enable unconditionally secure communication is expected to be a key feature of future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Davide Scalcon , Matteo Padovan , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Marco Avesani

Proposed in 1984, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange provably secure keys via a potentially insecure quantum channel. Since then, QKD has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made in both…

In order to broaden the adoption of highly-demanded quantum functionalities such as QKD, there is a need for having quantum signals coexist with classical traffic over the same physical medium, typically optical fibers in already-deployed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Cédric Ware , Mounia Lourdiane

During the last 20 years, the advance of communication technologies has generated multiple exciting applications. However, classical cryptography, commonly adopted to secure current communication systems, can be jeopardized by the advent of…

Quantum communication has seen rapid progress towards practical large-scale networks, with quantum key distribution (QKD) spearheading this development. While fibre based systems have been shown to be well suited for metropolitan scales,…

We propose a wavelength-saving topology of quantum key distribution(QKD) network based on passive optical elements, and report the field test of this network on the commercial telecom optical fiber. In this network, 5 nodes are supported…

We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical signals in a seven-core fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Quantum signals are transmitted in an outer core separately and intercore crosstalk (IC-XT) is the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Chun Cai , Yongmei Sun , Yongrui Zhang , Peng Zhang , Jianing Niu , Yuefeng Ji

We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with bidirectional 10 Gb/s classical data channels in a single fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Record secure key rates of 2.38 Mbps and fiber distances up to 70 km are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-10 K. A. Patel , J. F. Dynes , M. Lucamarini , I. Choi , A. W. Sharpe , Z. L. Yuan , R. V. Penty , A. J. Shields

Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a groundbreaking advancement in secure communication, enabling secure key exchange over vast distances and offering robust encryption for the future quantum internet. However, the…

The incorporation of multiplexing techniques used in Microwave Photonics to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems bring important advantages enabling the simultaneous and parallel delivery of multiple keys between a central station and…

Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security…

Quantum technologies play a central role in establishing new ways of quantum-secured communication. We investigate Free-Space Quantum Communication and explore the advantage of implementing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with weak coherent…

We describe systems and methods for the deployment of global quantum key distribution (QKD) networks covering transoceanic, long-haul, metro, and access segments of the network. A comparative study of the state-of-the-art QKD technologies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-01 Jing Wang , Bernardo Huberman

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) is an essential ingredient in quantum communication, owing to the property of source-independent security and the potential on constructing large-scale quantum communication networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Jingyuan Liu , Zhihao Lin , Dongning Liu , Xue Feng , Fang Liu , Kaiyu Cui , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

A feasible quantum key distribution (QKD) network scheme has been proposed with the wavelength routing. An apparatus called "quantum router", which is made up of many wavelength division multiplexers, can route the quantum signals without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tao Zhang , Zheng-Fu Han , Xiao-Fan Mo , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that uses quantum mechanical principles to enable secure key exchange. Practical deployment of QKD requires robust, cost-effective systems that can operate in challenging field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Rui Guan , Jingchun Yu , Zhaoyun Li , Hongbo Xie , Yuxing Wei , Sen Li , Jing Wen , Xiaodong Liang , Yanwei Li , Kejin Wei

The use of quantum cryptography in everyday applications has gained attention in both industrial and academic fields. Due to advancements in quantum electronics, practical quantum devices are already available in the market, and ready for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Pankaj Kumar , Neel Kanth Kundu , Binayak Kar

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two parties to establish a secret key over a potentially hostile channel by exchanging photonic quantum states, relying on the fact that it is impossible for an eavesdropper to tap the quantum channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-24 Jacob Mower , F. N. C. Wong , Jeff H. Shapiro , Dirk Englund