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Bitcoin is a electronic payment system where payment transactions are verified and stored in a data structure called the blockchain. Bitcoin miners work individually to solve a computationally intensive problem, and with each solution a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-24 R. Bowden , H. P. Keeler , A. E. Krzesinski , P. G. Taylor

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

Blockchain technology provides a tamper-proof mechanism to execute inter-organizational business processes involving mutually untrusted parties. Existing approaches to blockchain-based process execution are based on code generation. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Orlenys López-Pintado , Marlon Dumas , Luciano García-Bañuelos , Ingo Weber

Blockchain, the backbone of Bitcoin, has recently gained a lot of attention. Blockchain functions as an immutable record that enables decentralized transactions. Blockchain-based applications are sprouting up in a variety of industries,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Aakash Garg , Ankit Tyagi , Anant Patel , Divyansh Raj

The concept of smart grid has been introduced as a new vision of the conventional power grid to figure out an efficient way of integrating green and renewable energy technologies. In this way, Internet-connected smart grid, also called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Jun Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Kwok-Yan Lam , Xin Zhang , Amer M. Y. M. Ghias , Leong Hai Koh , Lei Yang

As the public Ethereum network surpasses half a billion transactions and enterprise Blockchain systems becoming highly capable of meeting the demands of global deployments, production Blockchain applications are fast becoming commonplace…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Evan Brinckman , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski , Ian J. Taylor

Blockchain is a technology uniquely suited to support massive number of transactions and smart contracts within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, thanks to the decentralized accounting mechanism. In a blockchain network, the states of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Pietro Danzi , Anders Ellersgaard Kalør , Čedomir Stefanović , Petar Popovski

As an emerging service framework built by combining cryptography, P2P network, consensus mechanism and innovative contract technology, blockchain has been widely used in digital finance, data sharing, message traceability and electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wenwen Zhou , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in the blockchain technology, and many blockchain-based applications have been developed to take advantage of its decentralization, transparency, fault tolerance, and strong security. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yihao Guo , Zhiguo Wan , Xiuzhen Cheng

At the heart of the Bitcoin is a blockchain protocol, a protocol for achieving consensus on a public ledger that records bitcoin transactions. To the extent that a blockchain protocol is used for applications such as contract signing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

Blockchain is a novel technology that is rising a lot of interest in the industrial and re- search sectors because its properties of decentralisation, immutability and data integrity. Initially, the underlying consensus mechanism has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Stefano De Angelis

Blockchain, as the backbone technology of the current popular Bitcoin digital currency, has become a promising decentralized data management framework. Although blockchain has been widely adopted in many applications, e.g., finance,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Zehui Xiong , Yang Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Zhu Han

Blockchain has received much attention recently, due to its promises of verifiable, permanent, decentralized, and efficient data handling. In 2017-2019 blockchain and associated technologies such as smart contracts has progressed beyond…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Artyom Kosmarski

Cryptocurrencies are distributed systems that allow exchanges of native (and non-) tokens among participants. The complete historical bookkeeping and its wide availability opens up an unprecedented possibility, i.e. that of understanding…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-12-02 Nicolò Vallarano , Claudio Tessone , Tiziano Squartini

This paper proposes a random network model for blockchains, a distributed hierarchical data structure of blocks that has found several applications in various industries. The model is parametric on two probability distribution functions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Carlos Pinzón , Camilo Rocha , Jorge Finke

The Blockchain and the programs running on it, called Smart Contracts, are more and more applied in all fields requiring trust and strong certifications. In this work we compare public and permissioned blockchains for industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Lodovica Marchesi , Michele Marchesi , Roberto Tonelli

In most High Performance Computing (HPC) projects nowadays, there is a lot of data obtained from different sources, depending on the project's objectives. Some of that data is very huge in terms of size, so copying such data sometimes is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Gian Sebastian Mier Bello , Alexander Martinez Mendez , Carlos J. Barrios H. , Robinson Rivas , Luis A. Núñez

Blockchains revolutionized centralized sectors like banking and finance by promoting decentralization and transparency. In a blockchain, information is transmitted through transactions issued by participants or applications. Miners…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Johnnatan Messias Peixoto Afonso

Decentralization is a fundamental design element of the Web3 economy. Blockchains and distributed consensus mechanisms are touted as fault-tolerant, attack-resistant, and collusion-proof because they are decentralized. Recent analyses,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Harang Ju , Madhav Kumar , Ehsan Valavi , Sinan Aral

A blockchain-based smart contract or a "smart contract" for short, is a computer program intended to digitally facilitate the negotiation or contractual terms directly between users when certain conditions are met. With the advance in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Yining Hu , Madhusanka Liyanage , Ahsan Mansoor , Kanchana Thilakarathna , Guillaume Jourjon , Aruna Seneviratne