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Algorithms for oblivious random access machine (ORAM) simulation allow a client, Alice, to obfuscate a pattern of data accesses with a server, Bob, who is maintaining Alice's outsourced data while trying to learn information about her data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Michael T. Goodrich

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) and private information retrieval (PIR) are classic cryptographic primitives used to hide the access pattern to data whose storage has been outsourced to an untrusted server. Unfortunately, both primitives require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Sarvar Patel , Giuseppe Persiano , Kevin Yeo

Oblivious RAM simulation is a method for achieving confidentiality and privacy in cloud computing environments. It involves obscuring the access patterns to a remote storage so that the manager of that storage cannot infer information about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Michael T. Goodrich , Michael Mitzenmacher , Olga Ohrimenko , Roberto Tamassia

We present a new oblivious RAM that supports variable-sized storage blocks (vORAM), which is the first ORAM to allow varying block sizes without trivial padding. We also present a new history-independent data structure (a HIRB tree) that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Daniel S. Roche , Adam J. Aviv , Seung Geol Choi

In cloud databases, cloud computation over sensitive data uploaded by clients inevitably causes concern about data security and privacy. Even when encryption primitives and trusted computing environments are integrated into query processing…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Xiao Hu , Zhiang Wu

We present Path ORAM, an extremely simple Oblivious RAM protocol with a small amount of client storage. Partly due to its simplicity, Path ORAM is the most practical ORAM scheme known to date with small client storage. We formally prove…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Emil Stefanov , Marten van Dijk , Elaine Shi , T-H. Hubert Chan , Christopher Fletcher , Ling Ren , Xiangyao Yu , Srinivas Devadas

Universal QRAM (U-QRAM) is a fixed, data-independent unitary interface that implements coherent random-access reads relative to a designated computational "truth-table" basis on the memory register. This work studies restricted-access…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Leonardo Bohac

Data confidentiality is becoming a significant concern, especially in the cloud computing era. Memory access patterns have been demonstrated to leak critical information such as security keys and a program's spatial and temporal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Rachit Rajat , Yongqin Wang , Murali Annavaram

While non-volatile memories (NVMs) provide several desirable characteristics like better density and comparable energy efficiency than DRAM, DRAM-like performance, and disk-like durability, the limited endurance NVMs manifest remains a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yi Zheng , Aasheesh Kolli , Shaizeen Aga

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) is a critical component for loading classical data into quantum computers. While constructing a practical QRAM presents several challenges, including the impracticality of an infinitely large QRAM size…

Hardware enclaves such as Intel SGX are a promising technology for improving the security of databases outsourced to the cloud. These enclaves provide an execution environment isolated from the hypervisor/OS, and encrypt data in RAM.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Saba Eskandarian , Matei Zaharia

Sensitive information is present on our phones, disks, watches and computers. Its protection is essential. Plausible deniability of stored data allows individuals to deny that their device contains a piece of sensitive information. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Anrin Chakraborti , Chen Chen , Radu Sion

An oblivious data structure is a data structure where the memory access patterns reveals no information about the operations performed on it. Such data structures were introduced by Wang et al. [ACM SIGSAC'14] and are intended for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Riko Jacob , Kasper Green Larsen , Jesper Buus Nielsen

Personal AI systems increasingly retain long-term memory of user activity, including documents, emails, messages, meetings, and ambient recordings. Trusted hardware can keep this data private, but struggles to scale with a growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Darya Kaviani , Alp Eren Ozdarendeli , Jinhao Zhu , Yu Ding , Raluca Ada Popa

Trusted processors provide a way to perform joint computations while preserving data privacy. To overcome the performance degradation caused by data-oblivious algorithms to prevent information leakage, we explore the benefits of oblivious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jiping Yu , Xiaowei Zhu , Kun Chen , Guanyu Feng , Yunyi Chen , Xiaoyu Fan , Wenguang Chen

Encrypted cloud storage can hide data contents but still leak sensitive information through access patterns. ORAM addresses this by hiding access patterns, but existing ORAM systems are too inefficient to deploy in practice. We present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Onur Eren Arpaci , Florian Kerschbaum , Sujaya Maiyya

This paper introduces OPTIMUM-DERAM, a highly consistent, scalable, secure, and decentralized shared memory solution. Traditional distributed shared memory implementations offer multi-object support by multi-threading a single object memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Nicolas Nicolaou , Kishori M. Konwar , Moritz Grundei , Aleksandr Bezobchuk , Muriel Médard , Sriram Vishwanath

The development process of microcontroller firmware often involves multiple parties. In such a scenario, the Intellectual Property (IP) is not protected against adversarial developers which have unrestricted access to the firmware binary.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Marc Schink , Johannes Obermaier

As secure processors such as Intel SGX (with hyperthreading) become widely adopted, there is a growing appetite for private analytics on big data. Most prior works on data-oblivious algorithms adopt the classical PRAM model to capture…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Vijaya Ramachandran , Elaine Shi

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is critical to classical computing but notably absent in current superconducting quantum processors. Integrating high-coherence memory units would enable resource-efficient control of logical qubits and…