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A population-averaged additive subdistribution hazards model is proposed to assess the marginal effects of covariates on the cumulative incidence function and to analyze correlated failure time data subject to competing risks. This approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-23 Xinyuan Chen , Denise Esserman , Fan Li

Approving and assessing new drugs is complex because multiple criteria must be considered simultaneously. A common approach is benefit-risk analysis, often conducted within a Bayesian framework to account for uncertainty and combine data…

For complex diseases, the interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors can have important implications beyond the main effects. Many of the existing interaction analyses conduct marginal analysis and cannot accommodate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-31 Yangguang Zang , Yinjun Zhao , Qingzhao Zhang , Hao Chai , Sanguo Zhang , Shuangge Ma

This paper introduces and studies factor risk measures. While risk measures only rely on the distribution of a loss random variable, in many cases risk needs to be measured relative to some major factors. In this paper, we introduce a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-15 Hirbod Assa , Peng Liu

The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of effect size commonly used in observational research. OR reflects statistical association between a binary outcome, such as the presence of a health condition, and a binary predictor, such as an exposure…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-09 Olga A Vsevolozhskaya , Dmitri V Zaykin

In the field of road safety, it is common to use responsibility analyses to assess the effect of a given factor on the risk of being responsible for an accident, among drivers involved in an accident only. Even if this design is now widely…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-16 Marine Dufournet , Emilie Lanoy , Jean-Louis Martin , Vivian Viallon

Estimating risk factors for incidence of a disease is crucial for understanding its etiology. For diseases caused by enteric pathogens, off-the-shelf statistical model-based approaches do not consider the biological mechanisms through which…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-25 Daniel K. Sewell , Kelly K. Baker

It is increasingly common to augment randomized controlled trial with external controls from observational data, to evaluate the treatment effect of an intervention. Traditional approaches to treatment effect estimation involve ambiguous…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-28 Bo Liu , Laine Thomas , Rury R. Holman , Fan Li

The attributable risk, often called the population attributable risk, is in many epidemiological contexts a more relevant measure of exposure-disease association than the excess risk, relative risk, or odds ratio. When estimating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-31 Daniel B. Rubin

Case-control studies are designed towards studying associations between risk factors and a single, primary outcome. Information about additional, secondary outcomes is also collected, but association studies targeting such secondary…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-17 Tamar Sofer , Marilyn C. Cornelis , Peter Kraft , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

We study causal inference under case-control and case-population sampling. Specifically, we focus on the binary-outcome and binary-treatment case, where the parameters of interest are causal relative and attributable risks defined via the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-24 Sung Jae Jun , Sokbae Lee

In contingency table analysis, the odds ratio is a commonly applied measure used to summarize the degree of association between two categorical variables, say R and S. Suppose now that for each individual in the table, a vector of…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-11-16 Francis K. C. Hui , Gery Geenens

The increasing multiplicity of data sources offers exciting possibilities in estimating the effects of a treatment, intervention, or exposure, particularly if observational and experimental sources could be used simultaneously. Borrowing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-24 Jeffrey A. Boatman , David M. Vock , Joseph S. Koopmeiners

Understanding the affective, cognitive and behavioural processes involved in risk taking is essential for treatment and for setting environmental conditions to limit damage. Using Temporal Difference Reinforcement Learning (TDRL) we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-04 Joost Broekens , Tim Baarslag

When making treatment selection decisions, it is essential to include a causal effect estimation analysis to compare potential outcomes under different treatments or controls, assisting in optimal selection. However, merely estimating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-08 Sherly Alfonso-Sánchez , Kristina P. Sendova , Cristián Bravo

In observational studies with survival or time-to-event outcomes, a propensity score weighted marginal Cox proportional hazard model with the treatment variable as the only predictor is commonly used to estimate the causal marginal hazard…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-02 Zixian Zhao , Chengxin Yang , Fan Li

To investigate intervention effects on rare events, meta-analysis techniques are commonly applied in order to assess the accumulated evidence. When it comes to adverse effects in clinical trials, these are often most adequately handled…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-03 Christian Röver , Qiong Wu , Anja Loos , Tim Friede

In this paper we build a joint model which can accommodate for binary, ordinal and continuous responses, by assuming that the errors of the continuous variables and the errors underlying the ordinal and binary outcomes follow a multivariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-06 Laura Vana-Gür , Rainer Hirk

For a risk vector $V$, whose components are shared among agents by some random mechanism, we obtain asymptotic lower and upper bounds for the individual agents' exposure risk and the aggregated risk in the market. Risk is measured by…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-04-12 Oliver Kley , Claudia Kluppelberg