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Using data from the GOTHAM (GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules) survey, we report the first astronomical detection of the C10H- anion. The astronomical observations also provided the necessary data to refine the…

The detectability of $\rm{C_6H_5CN^+}$ (benzonitrile cation) in the diffuse ISM is re-evaluated. A holistic evidentiary framework suggests $\rm{C_6H_5CN^+}$ is relatively absent in the diffuse ISM owing to the following concurrently: a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-26 Daniel Majaess , Cercis Morera-Boado , Tina A. Harriott , Quazi Rahi , Halis Seuret , Lou Massa , Cherif F. Matta

We report here the first detection in the interstellar medium of the cyanomidyl radical (HNCN). Using the Yebes 40m and the IRAM 30m telescopes, we have targeted the doublets of the $N$=2$-$1, 4$-$3, 5$-$4, 6$-$5, and 7$-$6 transitions of…

Context. Among the most significant chemical functional groups of interstellar molecules are the class of nitriles, which are proposed as key prebiotic molecules due to their chemical connection to the peptide bond after hydrolysis. CN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-16 Joan Enrique-Romero , Thanja Lamberts

The increasing detection of new molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) shows that stereoisomerism is a fundamental contributor to interstellar molecular complexity. This work presents the first comprehensive overview of interstellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-27 Víctor M. Rivilla , Miguel Sanz-Novo , David San Andrés

We report on the first detection of C3N- and C5N- towards the cold dark core TMC-1 in the Taurus region, using the Yebes 40 m telescope. The observed C3N/C3N- and C5N/C5N- abundance ratios are 140 and 2, respectively; that is similar to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-23 J. Cernicharo , N. Marcelino , J. R. Pardo , M. Agundez , B. Tercero , P. de Vicente , C. Cabezas , C. Bermudez

The interplay between radiation chemistry and sublimation dynamics of condensed organic compounds on cold grains is fundamental to describe observed gas-phase and ice-phase molecular abundances in the ISM. Infrared measurements are…

Glycolamide is a glycine isomer and also one of the simplest derivatives of acetamide (e.g., one hydrogen atom is replaced with a hydroxyl group), which is a known interstellar molecule. Using a battery of state of the art rotational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-29 M. Sanz-Novo , A. Belloche , J. L. Alonso , L. Kolesnikova , R. T. Garrod , S. Mata , H. S. P. Müller , K. M. Menten , Y. Gong

C-cyanomethanimine (HNCHCN), existing in the two $Z$ and $E$ isomeric forms, is a key prebiotic molecule, but, so far, only the $E$ isomer has been detected toward the massive star-forming region. Sagittarius B2(N) using transitions in the…

Cyanamide is one of the few interstellar molecules containing two chemically different N atoms. It was detected recently toward the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422 B together with H$_2$N$^{13}$CN and HDNCN in the course of the Atacama…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-13 A. Coutens , O. Zakharenko , F. Lewen , J. K. Jørgensen , S. Schlemmer , H. S. P. Müller

Context. We present multi-wavelength observations of the Galactic SNR HB9 and the H II region G159.2+3.3 apparently projected nearby, in order to study their properties and potential physical connections. Results. HB9 is bright in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-02 Jiang-Tao Li , Li-Yuan Lu , Huiyang Mao , Zi-Qing Xia , Yang Chen , Ping Zhou , Xin Zhou

Thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) is the sulfur analog to acetamide (CH3CONH2) and it is a viable candidate to search for in astronomical environments specifically toward regions where other S-bearing molecules have been found and, if possible, that…

We report the detection of the lowest energy conformer of $E$-1-cyano-1,3-butadiene ($E$-1-C$_4$H$_5$CN), a linear isomer of pyridine, using the fourth data reduction of the GOTHAM deep spectral survey toward TMC-1 with the 100 m Green Bank…

Carbon chain molecules may be an important reservoir of reactive organics during star and planet formation. Carbon chains have been observed toward several low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs), but their typical abundances and chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-22 Charles J. Law , Karin I. Oberg , Jennifer B. Bergner , Dawn Graninger

While the nitrile group is by far the most prevalent one among interstellar molecules, the existence of interstellar dinitriles (molecules containing two -CN groups) has recently been proven. Here we report the discovery of two new…

The study of complex nitrogen (N)-bearing molecules is essential for probing the physical and chemical evolution of star-forming regions. In this paper, we present the identification of rotational emission lines from several complex…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-27 Arijit Manna , Sabyasachi Pal , Tapas Baug , Ariful Hoque , Sandip Dutta , Sekhar Sinha , Sushanta Kumar Mondal

Vinyl cyanide (C$_2$H$_3$CN) is theorized to form in Titan's atmosphere via high-altitude photochemistry and is of interest regarding the astrobiology of cold planetary surfaces due to its predicted ability to form cell membrane-like…

In recent years, several aromatic molecules (benzene-based rings) have been detected in the cold molecular cloud TMC-1, with its CN-derivative, benzonitrile (c-C$_6$H$_5$CN), also identified in other nearby cold sources. However, observed…

Context. The detection of NH2CH2CH2OH (ethanolamine) in molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 adds an additional player to the prebiotic molecules discovered so far in the interstellar medium (ISM). As this molecule might be formed through…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-01-26 D. Alberton , N. Inostroza-Pino , Ryan C. Fortenberry , V. Lattanzi , C. Endres , J. Fuentealba Zamponi , P. Caselli

In this work, three novel porous carbon-nitride nanosheets with C7N6, C9N4 and C10N3 stoichiometries are predicted. First-principles simulations were accordingly employed to evaluate stability and explore the mechanical, electronic and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-08-19 Bohayra Mortazavi , Masoud Shahrokhi , Alexander V Shapeev , Timon Rabczuk , Xiaoying Zhuang