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Algorithms for the estimation of gaze direction from mobile and video-based eye trackers typically involve tracking a feature of the eye that moves through the eye camera image in a way that covaries with the shifting gaze direction, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Kevin Barkevich , Reynold Bailey , Gabriel J. Diaz

Frustrating text entry interface has been a major obstacle in participating in social activities in augmented reality (AR). Popular options, such as mid-air keyboard interface, wireless keyboards or voice input, either suffer from poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Xingyu Fu , Mingze Xi

Attention guidance is an approach to addressing dataset bias in deep learning, where the model relies on incorrect features to make decisions. Focusing on image classification tasks, we propose an efficient human-in-the-loop system to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yi He , Xi Yang , Chia-Ming Chang , Haoran Xie , Takeo Igarashi

Ophthalmic surgical robots offer superior stability and precision by reducing the natural hand tremors of human surgeons, enabling delicate operations in confined surgical spaces. Despite the advancements in developing vision- and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Tinghe Hong , Shenlin Cai , Boyang Li , Kai Huang

Visualizing gaze data is an effective way for the quick interpretation of eye tracking results. This paper presents a study investigation benefits and limitations of visual gaze analysis among eye tracking professionals and researchers. The…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2010-04-05 Sophie Stellmach , Lennart E. Nacke , Raimund Dachselt , Craig A. Lindley

Effective assisted living environments must be able to perform inferences on how their occupants interact with one another as well as with surrounding objects. To accomplish this goal using a vision-based automated approach, multiple tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Philipe A. Dias , Damiano Malafronte , Henry Medeiros , Francesca Odone

In recent years we have witnessed an increasing number of interactive systems on handheld mobile devices which utilise gaze as a single or complementary interaction modality. This trend is driven by the enhanced computational power of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Yaxiong Lei , Shijing He , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Eye Tracking (ET) can help to understand visual attention and cognitive processes in interactive environments. In attention tasks, distinguishing between relevant target objects and distractors is crucial for effective performance, yet the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Abdul Rehman , Ilona Heldal , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin

Human gaze offers rich supervisory signals for understanding visual attention in complex visual environments. In this paper, we propose Eyes on Target, a novel depth-aware and gaze-guided object detection framework designed for egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vishakha Lall , Yisi Liu

We present a new and accurate approach for gaze estimation on consumer computing devices. We take advantage of continued strides in the quality of user-facing cameras found in e.g., smartphones, laptops, and desktops - 4K or greater in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taejun Kim , Vimal Mollyn , Riku Arakawa , Chris Harrison

Appearance-based gaze estimation aims to predict the 3D eye gaze direction from a single image. While recent deep learning-based approaches have demonstrated excellent performance, they usually assume one calibrated face in each input image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Mingfang Zhang , Yunfei Liu , Feng Lu

This paper proposes an interactive system for mobile devices controlled by hand gestures aimed at helping people with visual impairments. This system allows the user to interact with the device by making simple static and dynamic hand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Samer Alashhab , Antonio Javier Gallego , Miguel Ángel Lozano

Gaze behavior is an important non-verbal cue in social signal processing and human-computer interaction. In this paper, we tackle the problem of person- and head pose-independent 3D gaze estimation from remote cameras, using a multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Cristina Palmero , Javier Selva , Mohammad Ali Bagheri , Sergio Escalera

Where someone looks is a nonverbal communication cue that children and adults readily use. How well can Vision-Language Models (VLMs) infer gaze targets? To construct evaluation stimuli, we captured 1,360 real-world photos of scenes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zory Zhang , Pinyuan Feng , Bingyang Wang , Tianwei Zhao , Suyang Yu , Qingying Gao , Hokin Deng , Ziqiao Ma , Yijiang Li , Dezhi Luo

Purpose. We present a new method to evaluate the accuracy of an eye tracker based eye localization system. Measuring the accuracy of an eye tracker's primary intention, the estimated point of gaze, is usually done with volunteers and a set…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Stephan Wyder , Philippe C. Cattin

In automotive domain, operation of secondary tasks like accessing infotainment system, adjusting air conditioning vents, and side mirrors distract drivers from driving. Though existing modalities like gesture and speech recognition systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Gowdham Prabhakar , Priyam Rajkhowa , Pradipta Biswas

A highly secure, foolproof, user authentication system is still a primary focus of research in the field of User Privacy and Security. Shoulder-surfing is an act of spying when an authorized user is logging into a system, and is promoted by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Vijay Rajanna , Tracy Hammond

From scientific research to commercial applications, eye tracking is an important tool across many domains. Despite its range of applications, eye tracking has yet to become a pervasive technology. We believe that we can put the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Kyle Krafka , Aditya Khosla , Petr Kellnhofer , Harini Kannan , Suchendra Bhandarkar , Wojciech Matusik , Antonio Torralba

Accuracy and speed are pivotal when typing. Mixed reality typing is typically performed by typing on a midair keyboard with your index fingers. This deprives users of both the tactile feedback available on physical devices and the ability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Cecilia Schmitz , Joshua Reynolds , Scott Kuhl , Keith Vertanen

Appearance-based gaze estimation methods that only require an off-the-shelf camera have significantly improved but they are still not yet widely used in the human-computer interaction (HCI) community. This is partly because it remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Andreas Bulling