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Computational mechanics, an approach to structural complexity, defines a process's causal states and gives a procedure for finding them. We show that the causal-state representation--an $\epsilon$-machine--is the minimal one consistent with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-17 Cosma Rohilla Shalizi , James P. Crutchfield

It has been argued that computational thinking should precede computer programming in the course of a career in computing. This argument is the basis for the slogan "logic first, syntax later" and the development of many cryptic syntax…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Patrick Vanvorce , Hasan M. Jamil

Evidence-based reasoning is at the core of many problem-solving and decision-making tasks in a wide variety of domains. Generalizing from the research and development of cognitive agents in several such domains, this paper presents progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Gheorghe Tecuci , Dorin Marcu , Mihai Boicu , Steven Meckl , Chirag Uttamsingh

We propose a new type of self-aware systems inspired by ideas from higher-order theories of consciousness. First, we discussed the crucial distinction between introspection and reflexion. Then, we focus on computational reflexion as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Alessandro Valitutti , Giuseppe Trautteur

Computational thinking is a way of reasoning about the world in terms of data. This mindset channels number crunching toward an ambition to discover knowledge through logic, models and simulations. Here we show how computational cognitive…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-21 Massimo Stella , Anastasiya Kapuza , Catherine Cramer , Stephen Uzzo

In this introductory article we present the basics of an approach to implementing computational interpreting of natural language aiming to model the meanings of words and phrases. Unlike other approaches, we attempt to define the meanings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Michael Kapustin , Pavlo Kapustin

Computational philosophy is the use of mechanized computational techniques to unearth philosophical insights that are either difficult or impossible to find using traditional philosophical methods. Computational metaphysics is computational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Daniel Kirchner , Christoph Benzmüller , Edward N. Zalta

There is a cognitive limit in Human Mind. This cognitive limit has played a decisive role in almost all fields including computer sciences. The cognitive limit replicated in computer sciences is responsible for inherent Computational…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Asad Malik

Computational thinking is a key skill for space science graduates, who must apply advanced problem-solving skills to model complex systems, analyse big data sets, and develop control software for mission-critical space systems. We describe…

Computational thinking has been a recent focus of education research within the sciences. However, there is a dearth of scholarly literature on how best to teach and to assess this topic, especially in disciplinary science courses. Physics…

Physics Education · Physics 2021-05-18 Daniel P. Weller , Theodore E. Bott , Marcos D. Caballero , Paul W. Irving

Building machines that learn and think like humans is essential not only for cognitive science, but also for computational neuroscience, whose ultimate goal is to understand how cognition is implemented in biological brains. A new cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Nikolaus Kriegeskorte , Robert M. Mok

Writing and argumentation are critical to both professional physics and physics education. However, the skill of making an extended argument in writing is often overlooked in physics classrooms, apart from certain practices like lab…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-06-19 Tor Ole B. Odden , John Burk

Computational Thinking (CT) has been described as an essential skill which everyone should learn and can therefore include in their skill set. Seymour Papert is credited as concretising Computational Thinking in 1980 but since Wing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-03-28 James Lockwood , Aidan Mooney

Despite extensive research efforts in recent years, computational argumentation (CA) remains one of the most challenging areas of natural language processing. The reason for this is the inherent complexity of the cognitive processes behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Anne Lauscher , Henning Wachsmuth , Iryna Gurevych , Goran Glavaš

Computational Thinking (CT) is still a relatively new term in the lexicon of learning objectives and science standards. There is not yet widespread agreement on the precise definition or implementation of CT, and efforts to assess CT are…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-04-22 Chris Orban , Richelle Teeling-Smith

Computational complexity is a core theory of computer science, which dictates the degree of difficulty of computation. There are many problems with high complexity that we have to deal, which is especially true for AI. This raises a big…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Chuyu Xiong

Computational Thinking (CT) has emerged as one of the vital thinking skills in recent times, especially for Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (STEM) graduates. Educators are in search of underlying cognitive models against…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Arvind W Kiwelekar , Swanand Navandar , Dharmendra K. Yadav

Cognitive theories for reasoning are about understanding how humans come to conclusions from a set of premises. Starting from hypothetical thoughts, we are interested which are the implications behind basic everyday language and how do we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Emmanuelle Dietz , Johannes K. Fichte , Florim Hamiti

With the great success in simulating many intelligent behaviors using computing devices, there has been an ongoing debate whether all conscious activities are computational processes. In this paper, the answer to this question is shown to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Daegene Song

In this article we describe our experiences with computational text analysis. We hope to achieve three primary goals. First, we aim to shed light on thorny issues not always at the forefront of discussions about computational text analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Dong Nguyen , Maria Liakata , Simon DeDeo , Jacob Eisenstein , David Mimno , Rebekah Tromble , Jane Winters