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Context: Regulatory acts are a challenging source when eliciting, interpreting, and analyzing requirements. Requirements engineers often need to involve legal experts who, however, may often not be available. This raises the need for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Oleksandr Kosenkov , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Jannik Fischbach , Daniel Mendez , Davide Fucci , Tony Gorschek

Obtaining accurate class labels is often costly or unreliable, and may also be limited by privacy or other practical conditions. Compared with asking an annotator to provide the exact class, it is often easier to ask whether the true label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiaxu Su , Junpeng Li , Changchun Hua , Yana Yang

Integrating research evidence into practice is one of the main goals of Evidence-Based Software Engineering (EBSE). Secondary studies, one of the main EBSE products, are intended to summarize the best research evidence and make them easily…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Bruno Cartaxo , Gustavo Pinto , Sergio Soares

Requirement Engineering (RE) is the foundation of successful software development. In RE, the goal is to ensure that implemented systems satisfy stakeholder needs through rigorous requirements elicitation, validation, and evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mateen Ahmed Abbasi , Petri Ihantola , Tommi Mikkonen , Niko Mäkitalo

Weak alignment of requirements engineering (RE) with verification and validation (VV) may lead to problems in delivering the required products in time with the right quality. For example, weak communication of requirements changes to…

The various influences in the processes and application domains make Requirements Engineering (RE) inherently complex and difficult to implement. In general, we have two options for establishing an RE approach: we can either establish an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-01 D. Méndez Fernández , B. Penzenstadler

Context and motivation. Requirements Engineering (RE) quality still lacks empirical evidence on how specific requirement defects affect downstream activities. Problem: However, empirical data on the detailed effects of requirements quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Henning Femmer , Ivan Esau

Resiliency has garnered attention in the management of critical infrastructure as a metric of system performance, but there are significant roadblocks to its implementation in a realistic decision-making framework. Contrasted to risk and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Vincent P. Paglioni , Graeme Troxell , Aaron Brown , Steve Conrad , Mazdak Arabi

Research must be reproducible in order to make an impact on science and to contribute to the body of knowledge in our field. Yet studies have shown that 70% of research from academic labs cannot be reproduced. In software engineering, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Clinton Woodson , Jane Huffman Hayes , Sarah Griffioen

Relation Extraction (RE) has attracted increasing attention, but current RE evaluation is limited to in-domain evaluation setups. Little is known on how well a RE system fares in challenging, but realistic out-of-distribution evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Elisa Bassignana , Barbara Plank

There is a strong overlap between requirements engineering (RE) and user experience (UX). Nevertheless, in practice both disciplines are often performed by separate roles and there are deficits in collaboration. In order to provide starting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Hartmut Schmitt , Gerald Heller , Anne Hess , Oliver Karras

In large-scale automotive companies, various requirements engineering (RE) practices are used across teams. RE practices manifest in Requirements Information Models (RIM) that define what concepts and information should be captured for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Rebekka Wohlrab , Eric Knauss , Patrizio Pelliccione

We consider the problem of learning from training data obtained in different contexts, where the underlying context distribution is unknown and is estimated empirically. We develop a robust method that takes into account the uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-18 Muhammad Osama , Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica

Critical systems, such as those used in healthcare, defence, and disaster management, demand rigorous requirements engineering to ensure safety and reliability. Yet, much of this rigour has traditionally focused on technical assurance,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Anuradha Madugalla , Jixuan Dong , Kai Lyne Loi , Matthew Crossman , John Grundy

This paper presents an empirical study to build relation extraction systems in low-resource settings. Based upon recent pre-trained language models, we comprehensively investigate three schemes to evaluate the performance in low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xin Xu , Xiang Chen , Ningyu Zhang , Xin Xie , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen

ICS environments are vital to the operation of critical infrastructure such as power grids, water treatment facilities, and manufacturing plants. However, these systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks due to their reliance on interconnected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Can Ozkan , Dave Singelee

In large scale agile systems development, the lack of a unified requirements engineering (RE) process is a major challenge, exacerbated by the absence of high level guiding principles for effective requirements management. To address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hina Saeeda , Mijin Kim , Eric Knauss , Jesper Thyssen , Jesper Ørting , Jesper Lysemose Korsgaard , Niels Jørgen Strøm

In light of the 40th jubilee of Requirements Engineering (RE), roughly 40 experts met in Switzerland to discuss where our discipline stands today. As of today, the common view is, indisputably, that RE as a discipline is stable and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Daniel Méndez Fernández

Machine Learning (ML)-enabled systems challenge traditional Requirements Engineering (RE) and agile management due to data dependence, experimentation, and uncertain model behavior. Existing RE and agile practices remain poorly integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lucas Romao , Luiz Xavier , Júlia Condé Araújo , Marina Condé Araújo , Ariane Rodrigues , Marcos Kalinowski

Requirements Engineering (RE)-related activities require high collaboration between various roles in software engineering (SE), such as requirements engineers, stakeholders, developers, etc. Their demographics, views, understanding of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Dulaji Hidellaarachchi , John Grundy , Rashina Hoda , Ingo Mueller