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In this paper, we propose a product quantization table (PQTable); a fast search method for product-quantized codes via hash-tables. An identifier of each database vector is associated with the slot of a hash table by using its PQ-code as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Yusuke Matsui , Toshihiko Yamasaki , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Many emerging use cases of data mining and machine learning operate on large datasets with data from heterogeneous sources, specifically with both sparse and dense components. For example, dense deep neural network embedding vectors are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Xiang Wu , Ruiqi Guo , David Simcha , Dave Dopson , Sanjiv Kumar

Token compression techniques have recently emerged as powerful tools for accelerating Vision Transformer (ViT) inference in computer vision. Due to the quadratic computational complexity with respect to the token sequence length, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Phat Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

Vector quantization (VQ) techniques are widely used in similarity search for data compression, fast metric computation and etc. Originally designed for Euclidean distance, existing VQ techniques (e.g., PQ, AQ) explicitly or implicitly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Xinyan Dai , Xiao Yan , Kelvin K. W. Ng , Jie Liu , James Cheng

We consider the ubiquitous technique of VByte compression, which represents each integer as a variable length sequence of bytes. The low 7 bits of each byte encode a portion of the integer, and the high bit of each byte is reserved as a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Jeff Plaisance , Nathan Kurz , Daniel Lemire

The massive increase in the data volume and dataset availability for analysts compels researchers to focus on data content and select high-quality datasets to enhance the performance of analytics operators. While selecting high-quality data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Andreas Loizou , Dimitrios Tsoumakos

In this work, we explore the quantization of diffusion models in extreme compression regimes to reduce model size while maintaining performance. We begin by investigating classical vector quantization but find that diffusion models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Jie Shao , Hanxiao Zhang , Jianxin Wu

This paper considers the problem of approximate nearest neighbor search in the compressed domain. We introduce polysemous codes, which offer both the distance estimation quality of product quantization and the efficient comparison of binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Matthijs Douze , Hervé Jégou , Florent Perronnin

Nearest neighbor search is a very active field in machine learning for it appears in many application cases, including classification and object retrieval. In its canonical version, the complexity of the search is linear with both the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Vincent Gripon , Matthias Löwe , Franck Vermet

Data deduplication has gained wide acclaim as a mechanism to improve storage efficiency and conserve network bandwidth. Its most critical phase, data chunking, is responsible for the overall space savings achieved via the deduplication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Sreeharsha Udayashankar , Samer Al-Kiswany

Dense retrieval models have become a standard for state-of-the-art information retrieval. However, their high-dimensional, high-precision (float32) vector embeddings create significant storage and memory challenges for real-world…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Satyanarayan Pati

A range of recent works addresses the problem of compression of sequence of tokens into a shorter sequence of real-valued vectors to be used as inputs instead of token embeddings or key-value cache. These approaches are focused on reduction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yuri Kuratov , Mikhail Arkhipov , Aydar Bulatov , Mikhail Burtsev

Recent methods for learning vector space representations of words have succeeded in capturing fine-grained semantic and syntactic regularities using vector arithmetic. However, these vector space representations (created through large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Martin Andrews

We present a new approach for efficient approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensional spaces, extending the idea of Product Quantization. We propose a two-level product and vector quantization tree that reduces the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Patrick Wieschollek , Oliver Wang , Alexander Sorkine-Hornung , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Quantization based techniques are the current state-of-the-art for scaling maximum inner product search to massive databases. Traditional approaches to quantization aim to minimize the reconstruction error of the database points. Based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Ruiqi Guo , Philip Sun , Erik Lindgren , Quan Geng , David Simcha , Felix Chern , Sanjiv Kumar

Compressing the KV cache is a required step to deploy large language models on edge devices. Current quantization methods compress storage but fail to reduce bandwidth as attention calculation requires dequantizing keys from INT4/INT8 to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Aryan Karmore

Several paradigms for declarative problem solving start from a specification in a high-level language, which is then transformed to a low-level language, such as SAT or SMT. Often, this transformation includes a "grounding" step to remove…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Lucas Van Laer , Simon Vandevelde , Joost Vennekens

Recent neural compression methods have been based on the popular hyperprior framework. It relies on Scalar Quantization and offers a very strong compression performance. This contrasts from recent advances in image generation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Alaaeldin El-Nouby , Matthew J. Muckley , Karen Ullrich , Ivan Laptev , Jakob Verbeek , Hervé Jégou

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have excelled in computer vision tasks but are memory-consuming and computation-intensive, challenging their deployment on resource-constrained devices. To tackle this limitation, prior works have explored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Huihong Shi , Xin Cheng , Wendong Mao , Zhongfeng Wang

Quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural networks. However, conventional quantization methods use the same bit-width for all (or most of) the layers, which often suffer significant accuracy degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Weihan Chen , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng