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Related papers: The entropic approach to causal correlations

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We develop a theoretical framework based on a graph theoretic approach to analyze monogamous relationships of entropic non-contextuality (ENC) inequalities. While ENC inequalities are important in quantum information theory and are well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Dileep Singh , Jaskaran Singh , Kavita Dorai , Arvind

Many empirical studies estimate causal effects in environments where economic units interact through spatial or network connections. In such settings, outcomes are jointly determined, and treatment induced shocks propagate across…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-05 Mariluz Mate

We propose a novel tensor-based formalism for inferring causal structures from time series. An information theoretical analysis of transfer entropy, shows that transfer entropy results from transmission of information over a set of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-22 David Sigtermans

From ancient philosophers to modern economists, biologists, and other researchers, there has been a continuous effort to unveil causal relations. The most formidable challenge lies in deducing the nature of the causal relationship: whether…

We explore the link between two concepts: the level of violation of a Bell inequality by a quantum state and discrimination between two states by means of restricted classes of operations, such as local operations and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-15 Karol Horodecki , Gláucia Murta

We provide theoretical and empirical evidence for a type of asymmetry between causes and effects that is present when these are related via linear models contaminated with additive non-Gaussian noise. Assuming that the causes and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-23 Daniel Hernández-Lobato , Pablo Morales-Mombiela , David Lopez-Paz , Alberto Suárez

Understanding causal mechanisms across different populations is essential for designing effective public health interventions. Recently, difference graphs have been introduced as a tool to visually represent causal variations between two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Charles K. Assaad

In this didactic article we explore the concept of quantum correlations beyond entanglement. We begin by introducing and motivating the classically correlated states and then showing how to quantify the quantum correlations using an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-08 Gerardo Adesso , Marco Cianciaruso , Thomas R. Bromley

Bell scenarios are multipartite scenarios that exclude any signalling between parties. This leads to a strict hierarchy of classical, quantum, and non-signalling correlations in such scenarios. Here we consider a minimal relaxation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Ravi Kunjwal , Ognyan Oreshkov

We give a simple proof of Bell's inequality in quantum mechanics which, in conjunction with experiments, demonstrates that the local hidden variables assumption is false. The proof sheds light on relationships between the notion of causal…

Applications · Statistics 2015-09-17 James M. Robins , Tyler J. VanderWeele , Richard D. Gill

Non-local correlations are usually understood through the outcomes of alternative measurements (on two or more parts of a system) that cannot altogether actually be carried out in an experiment. Indeed, a joint input/output -- e.g.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-11 Stefan Wolf

Inferring the causal direction and causal effect between two discrete random variables X and Y from a finite sample is often a crucial problem and a challenging task. However, if we have access to observational and interventional data, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-16 Peter Gmeiner

Some temporal Bell inequalities are deduced under the assumption of realism and perfect correlation. No locality condition is needed. When the system is macroscopic, the perfect correlation assumption substitutes the noninvasive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ramon Lapiedra

Adopting the frame of mesoscopic physics, we describe a Bell type experiment involving time-delayed two-particle correlation measurements. The indistinguishability of quantum particles results in a specific interference between different…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. V. Lebedev , G. Blatter

Quantum theory allows for the superposition of causal orders between operations, i.e., for an indefinite causal order; an implication of the principle of quantum superposition. Since a higher theory might also admit this feature, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Kuntal Sengupta

Inferring the effect of interventions within complex systems is a fundamental problem of statistics. A widely studied approach employs structural causal models that postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-14 David Strieder , Mathias Drton

In theories of communication, it is usually presumed that the involved parties perform actions in a fixed causal order. However, practical and fundamental reasons can induce uncertainties in the causal order. Here we show that a maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Ding Jia , Fabio Costa

Quantum coherence, nonlocality, and contextuality are key resources for quantum advantage in metrology, communication, and computation. We introduce a graph-based approach to derive classicality inequalities that bound local,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Rafael Wagner , Rui Soares Barbosa , Ernesto F. Galvão

In the absence of randomized controlled and natural experiments, it is necessary to balance the distributions of (observable) covariates of the treated and control groups in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of a causal effect of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-02 Martin Cousineau , Vedat Verter , Susan A. Murphy , Joelle Pineau

The aim of this paper is to give a sharp definition of Bell's notion of local causality. To this end, first we unfold a framework, called local physical theory, integrating probabilistic and spatiotemporal concepts. Formulating local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 G. Hofer-Szabó , P. Vecsernyés