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A dynamic treatment regime is a sequence of decision rules in which each decision rule recommends treatment based on features of patient medical history such as past treatments and outcomes. Existing methods for estimating optimal dynamic…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-22 Kristin A. Linn , Eric B. Laber , Leonard A. Stefanski

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for comparing the effectiveness of a new treatment to the current one (the control). Most RCTs allocate the patients to the treatment group and the control group by uniform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-22 Onur Atan , William R. Zame , Mihaela van der Schaar

Project Optimus, an initiative by the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence, seeks to reform the dose-optimization and dose-selection paradigm in oncology. We propose a dose-optimization design that considers plateau efficacy profiles,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-04-22 Rebecca B. Silva , Bin Cheng , Shing M. Lee

Conventional optimization methodologies may be hindered when the automated search is stuck into local optima because of a deceptive objective function landscape. Consequently, open ended search methodologies, such as novelty search, have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Michail-Antisthenis Tsompanas , Larry Bull , Andrew Adamatzky , Igor Balaz

The application of existing methods for constructing optimal dynamic treatment regimes is limited to cases where investigators are interested in optimizing a utility function over a fixed period of time (finite horizon). In this manuscript,…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-22 Ashkan Ertefaie

A treatment regime is a deterministic function that dictates personalized treatment based on patients' individual prognostic information. There is a fast-growing interest in finding optimal treatment regimes to maximize expected long-term…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-25 Runchao Jiang , Wenbin Lu , Rui Song , Marie Davidian

The uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells and their interaction with healthy tissue poses a major challenge in oncology. This manuscript develops and analyzes mathematical models that describe tumor response to radiotherapy by…

We propose solution methods for previously-unsolved constrained MDPs in which actions can continuously modify the transition probabilities within some acceptable sets. While many methods have been proposed to solve regular MDPs with large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Marek Petrik , Dharmashankar Subramanian , Janusz Marecki

We study the design of experiments with multiple treatment levels, a setting common in clinical trials and online A/B/n testing. Unlike single-treatment studies, practical analyses of multi-treatment experiments typically first select a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jiachen Xu , Jian Qian , Zijun Gao

Despite recent advances in the field of Oncoimmunology, the success potential of immunomodulatory therapies against cancer remains to be elucidated. One of the reasons is the lack of understanding on the complex interplay between tumor…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-07-24 A. I. Reppas , J. C. L. Alfonso , H. Hatzikirou

In medical vision, different imaging modalities provide complementary information. However, in practice, not all modalities may be available during inference or even training. Previous approaches, e.g., knowledge distillation or image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Aishik Konwer , Xiaoling Hu , Joseph Bae , Xuan Xu , Chao Chen , Prateek Prasanna

A distributed optimal control problem for a diffuse interface model, which physical context is that of tumour growth dynamics, is addressed. The system we deal with comprises a Cahn--Hilliard equation for the tumour fraction coupled with a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-01-20 Andrea Signori

Computational systems and methods are often being used in biological research, including the understanding of cancer and the development of treatments. Simulations of tumor growth and its response to different drugs are of particular…

Machine learning methods in healthcare have traditionally focused on using data from a single modality, limiting their ability to effectively replicate the clinical practice of integrating multiple sources of information for improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Felix Krones , Umar Marikkar , Guy Parsons , Adam Szmul , Adam Mahdi

This paper considers the problem of finding near-optimal Markovian randomized (MR) policies for finite-state-action, infinite-horizon, constrained risk-sensitive Markov decision processes (CRSMDPs). Constraints are in the form of standard…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Uday Kumar M , Sanjay P Bhat , Veeraruna Kavitha , Nandyala Hemachandra

It is well known that tumors originating from the same tissue have different prognosis and sensitivity to treatments. Over the last decade, cancer genomics consortia like the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have been generating thousands of…

In this paper we consider an optimal control problem arising from a chemotherapeutic drug treatment for tumor cells in a living tissue. The mathematical model for the interaction of chemotherapeutic drug and the normal, tumor and immune…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Hong-Ming Yin

Cancer and healthy cells have distinct distributions of molecular properties and thus respond differently to drugs. Cancer drugs ideally kill cancer cells while limiting harm to healthy cells. However, the inherent variance among cells in…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2013-08-07 Patrick N. Lawlor , Tomer Kalisky , Stephen Quake , Robert Rosner , Marsha Rich Rosner , Konrad P. Kording

Grade II gliomas are slowly growing primary brain tumors that affect mostly young patients and become fatal after a few years. Current clinical handling includes surgery as first line treatment. Cytotoxic therapies (radiotherapy RT or…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-07-09 Victor M. Perez-Garcia

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for brain tumor segmentation, with many methods leveraging its four key modalities to capture complementary information for effective sub-region analysis. However, the absence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sha Tao , Jiao Pan , Yu Guo , Chao Yao