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It is well known that, as $n$ tends to infinity, the probability of satisfiability for a random 2-SAT formula on $n$ variables, where each clause occurs independently with probability $\alpha/2n$, exhibits a sharp threshold at $\alpha=1$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-05-20 Elchanan Mossel , Arnab Sen

Boolean satisfiability is a propositional logic problem of interest in multiple fields, e.g., physics, mathematics, and computer science. Beyond a field of research, instances of the SAT problem, as it is known, require efficient solution…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-11-13 S. R. B. Bearden , Y. R. Pei , M. Di Ventra

Consider a $k$-SAT formula $\Phi$ where every variable appears at most $d$ times. Let $\sigma$ be a satisfying assignment, sampled proportionally to $e^{\beta m(\sigma)}$ where $m(\sigma)$ is the number of true variables and $\beta$ is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Andreas Galanis , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Xusheng Zhang

Using methods and ideas from statistical mechanics, we propose a simple method for obtaining rigorous upper bounds for satisfiability transition in random boolean expressions composed of N variables and M clauses with K variables per…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Knysh , V. N. Smelyanskiy , R. D. Morris

In this paper we study biased random K-SAT problems in which each logical variable is negated with probability $p$. This generalization provides us a crossover from easy to hard problems and would help us in a better understanding of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Ramezanpour , S. Moghimi-Araghi

We prove that a random 3-SAT instance with clause-to-variable density less than 3.52 is satisfiable with high probability. The proof comes through an algorithm which selects (and sets) a variable depending on its degree and that of its…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Gregory B. Sorkin

Boolean satisfiability ({\SAT}) has played a key role in diverse areas spanning testing, formal verification, planning, optimization, inferencing and the like. Apart from the classical problem of checking boolean satisfiability, the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Kuldeep S. Meel

Since the early 2000s physicists have developed an ingenious but non-rigorous formalism called the cavity method to put forward precise conjectures on phase transitions in random problems [Mezard, Parisi, Zecchina: Science 2002]. The cavity…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-02 Amin Coja-Oghlan , Konstantinos Panagiotou

Alongside the effort underway to build quantum computers, it is important to better understand which classes of problems they will find easy and which others even they will find intractable. We study random ensembles of the QMA$_1$-complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-29 C. R. Laumann , R. Moessner , A. Scardicchio , S. L. Sondhi

The evaluation of incomplete satisfiability solvers depends critically on the availability of hard satisfiable instances. A plausible source of such instances consists of random k-SAT formulas whose clauses are chosen uniformly from among…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dimitris Achlioptas , Haixia Jia , Cristopher Moore

Satisfiability of boolean formulae (SAT) has been a topic of research in logic and computer science for a long time. In this paper we are interested in understanding the structure of satisfiable and unsatisfiable sentences. In previous work…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Vaibhav Karve , Anil N. Hirani

The Random K-Satisfiability Problem, consisting in verifying the existence of an assignment of N Boolean variables that satisfy a set of M=alpha N random logical clauses containing K variables each, is studied using the replica symmetric…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-28 R. Monasson , R. Zecchina

There has been much recent interest in the satisfiability of random Boolean formulas. A random k-SAT formula is the conjunction of m random clauses, each of which is the disjunction of k literals (a variable or its negation). It is known…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-19 David B. Wilson

Here we study the NP-complete $K$-SAT problem. Although the worst-case complexity of NP-complete problems is conjectured to be exponential, there exist parametrized random ensembles of problems where solutions can typically be found in…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-07-11 Hendrik Schawe , Roman Bleim , Alexander K. Hartmann

Random $k$-SAT is the single most intensely studied example of a random constraint satisfaction problem. But despite substantial progress over the past decade, the threshold for the existence of satisfying assignments is not known precisely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-29 Amin Coja-Oghlan , Konstantinos Panagiotou

The problem of identifying a planted assignment given a random $k$-SAT formula consistent with the assignment exhibits a large algorithmic gap: while the planted solution becomes unique and can be identified given a formula with $O(n\log…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Vitaly Feldman , Will Perkins , Santosh Vempala

Random constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) have been studied extensively using statistical physics techniques. They provide a benchmark to study average case scenarios instead of the worst case one. The interplay between statistical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-06-06 Silvio Franz , Giorgio Parisi , Maksim Sevelev , Pierfrancesco Urbani , Francesco Zamponi

We study the satisfiability of randomly generated formulas formed by $M$ clauses of exactly $K$ literals over $N$ Boolean variables. For a given value of $N$ the problem is known to be most difficult with $\alpha=M/N$ close to the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 A. Braunstein , M. Mezard , R. Zecchina

We study the satisfiability threshold and solution-space geometry of random constraint satisfaction problems defined over uniquely extendable (UE) constraints. Motivated by a conjecture of Connamacher and Molloy, we consider random $k$-ary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Pu Gao , Theodore Morrison

Random $K$-satisfiability ($K$-SAT) is a paradigmatic model system for studying phase transitions in constraint satisfaction problems and for developing empirical algorithms. The statistical properties of the random $K$-SAT solution space…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-07-08 Han Zhao , Hai-Jun Zhou