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We study non-compact scaling limits of uniform random planar quadrangulations with a boundary when their size tends to infinity. Depending on the asymptotic behavior of the boundary size and the choice of the scaling factor, we observe…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-04 Erich Baur , Grégory Miermont , Gourab Ray

An infinite permutation is a linear order on the set N. We study the properties of infinite permutations generated by fixed points of some uniform binary morphisms, and find the formula for their complexity.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Alexander Valyuzhenich

Using techniques from Poisson approximation, we prove explicit error bounds on the number of permutations that avoid any pattern. Most generally, we bound the total variation distance between the joint distribution of pattern occurrences…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Harry Crane , Stephen DeSalvo

In this paper, we introduce a convergence notion for ordered selections. Our convergence notion is based on subpermutation densities and convergences of the marginal distributions. A particular case of this convergence is the well-known…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 B. Fazekas , I. Fazekas

A $k$-universal permutation, or $k$-superpermutation, is a permutation that contains all permutations of length $k$ as patterns. The problem of finding the minimum length of a $k$-superpermutation has recently received significant attention…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Colin Defant , Noah Kravitz , Ashwin Sah

We set up a new notion of local convergence for permutations and we prove a characterization in terms of proportions of \emph{consecutive} pattern occurrences. We also characterize random limiting objects for this new topology introducing a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-20 Jacopo Borga

We study the local limit of the fixed-point forest, a tree structure associated to a simple sorting algorithm on permutations. This local limit can be viewed as an infinite random tree that can be constructed from a Poisson point process…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Samuel Regan , Erik Slivken

A set of linearly constrained permutation matrices are proposed for constructing a class of permutation codes. Making use of linear constraints imposed on the permutation matrices, we can formulate a minimum Euclidian distance decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Tadashi Wadayama , Manabu Hagiwara

The objects of our interest are the so-called $A$-permutations, which are permutations whose cycle length lie in a fixed set $A$. They have been extensively studied with respect to the uniform or the Ewens measure. In this paper, we extend…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-26 Ashkan Nikeghbali , Julia Storm , Dirk Zeindler

We introduce a new natural notion of convergence for permutations at any specified scale, in terms of the density of patterns of restricted width. In this setting we prove that limits may be chosen independently at a countably infinite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-20 David Bevan

We determine the scaling limit for permutations conditioned to have longest decreasing subsequence of length at most $d$. These permutations are also said to avoid the pattern $(d+1)d \cdots 2 1$ and they can be written as a union of $d$…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-01-09 Christopher Hoffman , Douglas Rizzolo , Erik Slivken

There is a deep connection between permutations and trees. Certain sub-structures of permutations, called sub-permutations, bijectively map to sub-trees of binary increasing trees. This opens a powerful tool set to study enumerative and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-02 Filippo Disanto , Thomas Wiehe

The theory of limits of permutations leads to limit objects called permutons, which are certain Borel measures on the unit square. We prove that permutons avoiding a given permutation of order $k$ have a particularly simple structure.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Frederik Garbe , Jan Hladký , Gábor Kun , Kristýna Pekárková

A permutation sequence $(\sigma_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ is said to be convergent if, for every fixed permutation $\tau$, the density of occurrences of $\tau$ in the elements of the sequence converges. We prove that such a convergent sequence…

We consider a random permutation drawn from the set of 132-avoiding permutations of length $n$ and show that the number of occurrences of another pattern $\sigma$ has a limit distribution, after scaling by $n^{\lambda(\sigma)/2}$ where…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Svante Janson

We obtain the scaling limits of random graphs drawn uniformly in three families of intersection graphs: permutation graphs, circle graphs, and unit interval graphs. The two first families typically generate dense graphs, in these cases we…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Frédérique Bassino , Mathilde Bouvel , Valentin Féray , Lucas Gerin , Adeline Pierrot

Machines whose main purpose is to permute and sort data are studied. The sets of permutations that can arise are analysed by means of finite automata and avoided pattern techniques. Conditions are given for these sets being enumerated by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Albert , M. D. Atkinson , N. Ruskuc

Pattern avoidance classes of permutations that cannot be expressed as unions of proper subclasses can be described as the set of subpermutations of a single bijection. In the case that this bijection is a permutation of the natural numbers…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. D. Atkinson , M. M. Murphy , N. Ruskuc

A pattern class is a set of permutations closed under the formation of subpermutations. Such classes can be characterised as those permutations not involving a particular set of forbidden permutations. A simple collection of necessary and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. H. Albert , M. D. Atkinson , Robert Brignall

Call a permutation $k$-inflatable if the sequence of its tensor products with uniform random permutations of increasing lengths has uniform $k$-point pattern densities. Previous work has shown that nontrivial $k$-inflatable permutations do…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Tanya Khovanova , Eric Zhang