Related papers: Wireless Optogenetic Nanonetworks: Device Model an…
Electrical brain stimulation is currently being investigated as a therapy for neurological disease. However, opportunities to optimize such therapies are challenged by the fact that the beneficial impact of focal stimulation on both…
Cell assemblies manipulation by optogenetics is pivotal to advance neuroscience and neuroengineering. In in vivo applications, photostimulation often broadly addresses a population of cells simultaneously, leading to feed-forward and to…
Optical neural networks (ONNs) perform extensive computations using photons instead of electrons, resulting in passively energy-efficient and low-latency computing. Among various ONNs, the diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs)…
Biotechnology can benefit from dynamic control to improve production efficiency. In this context, optogenetics enables modulation of gene expression using light as an external input, allowing fine-tuning of protein levels to unlock dynamic…
Optical communication achieves high fanout and short delay advantageous for information integration in neural systems. Superconducting detectors enable signaling with single photons for maximal energy efficiency. We present designs of…
Photonic neural networks benefit from both the high channel capacity- and the wave nature of light acting as an effective weighting mechanism through linear optics. The neuron's activation function, however, requires nonlinearity which can…
Optical computing could reduce the energy cost of artificial intelligence by leveraging the parallelism and propagation speed of light. However, implementing nonlinear activation, essential for machine learning, remains challenging in…
Excitable optoelectronic devices represent one of the key building blocks for implementation of artificial spiking neurons in neuromorphic (brain-inspired) photonic systems. This work introduces and experimentally investigates an…
Stimulation of target neuronal populations using optogenetic techniques during specific sleep stages has begun to elucidate the mechanisms and effects of sleep. To conduct closed-loop optogenetic sleep studies in untethered animals, we…
Software-implementation, via neural networks, of brain-inspired computing approaches underlie many important modern-day computational tasks, from image processing to speech recognition, artificial intelligence and deep learning…
We report a multi-modal spiking neuron that allows optical and electronic input and control, and wavelength-multiplexing operation, for use in novel high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing functionalities. The photonic-electronic…
A salient feature of prefrontal cortex organization is the vast diversity of cell types that support the temporal integration of events required for sculpting future responses. A major obstacle in understanding the routing of information…
The design and benchtop operation of a wireless miniature epiretinal stimulator implant is reported. The implant is optically powered and controlled using safe illumination at near-infrared wavelengths. An application-specific integrated…
Networks of superconducting optoelectronic neurons are investigated for their near-term technological potential and long-term physical limitations. Networks with short average path length, high clustering coefficient, and power-law degree…
Optical neural networks promise ultrafast, low-energy information processing by performing computation directly with photons. Current implementations, however, are largely restricted to steady-state operation and rely on high-latency…
Optics offers unique opportunities for reducing energy in information processing and communications while resolving the problem of interconnect bandwidth density inside machines. Such energy dissipation overall is now at environmentally…
Clinical trials previously demonstrated the notable capacity to elicit visual percepts in blind patients affected with retinal diseases by electrically stimulating the remaining neurons on the retina. However, these implants restored very…
In this paper, we provide an energy efficient self- healing mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks. The proposed solution is based on our probabilistic sentinel scheme. To reduce energy consumption while maintaining good connectivity…
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are reshaping the field of information processing. With their exponential growth challenging existing electronic hardware, optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging to process DNN tasks in the optical domain…
Therapeutic intervention in neurological disorders still relies heavily on pharmacological solutions, while the treatment of patients with drug resistance remains an open challenge. This is particularly true for patients with epilepsy, 30%…