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Artificially intelligent agents equipped with strategic skills that can negotiate during their interactions with other natural or artificial agents are still underdeveloped. This paper describes a successful application of Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-28 Heriberto Cuayáhuitl , Simon Keizer , Oliver Lemon

In many real-world decision making problems, reaching an optimal decision requires taking into account a variable number of objects around the agent. Autonomous driving is a domain in which this is especially relevant, since the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Maria Hügle , Gabriel Kalweit , Branka Mirchevska , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

Dialogue data in real scenarios tend to be sparsely available, rendering data-starved end-to-end dialogue systems trained inadequately. We discover that data utilization efficiency in low-resource scenarios can be enhanced by mining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Shimin Li , Xiaotian Zhang , Yanjun Zheng , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu

Skills learned through (deep) reinforcement learning often generalizes poorly across domains and re-training is necessary when presented with a new task. We present a framework that combines techniques in \textit{formal methods} with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Xiao Li , Yao Ma , Calin Belta

Neural memory enables fast adaptation to new tasks with just a few training samples. Existing memory models store features only from the single last layer, which does not generalize well in presence of a domain shift between training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Yingjun Du , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao , Cees G. M. Snoek

Hierarchical model-based reinforcement learning (HMBRL) aims to combine the benefits of better sample efficiency of model based reinforcement learning (MBRL) with the abstraction capability of hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Robin Schiewer , Anand Subramoney , Laurenz Wiskott

Many potential applications of reinforcement learning in the real world involve interacting with other agents whose numbers vary over time. We propose new neural policy architectures for these multi-agent problems. In contrast to other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz

Reinforcement learning and symbolic planning have both been used to build intelligent autonomous agents. Reinforcement learning relies on learning from interactions with real world, which often requires an unfeasibly large amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Fangkai Yang , Daoming Lyu , Bo Liu , Steven Gustafson

Hierarchy in reinforcement learning agents allows for control at multiple time scales yielding improved sample efficiency, the ability to deal with long time horizons and transferability of sub-policies to tasks outside the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Zach Dwiel , Madhavun Candadai , Mariano Phielipp , Arjun K. Bansal

For robotic vehicles to navigate robustly and safely in unseen environments, it is crucial to decide the most suitable navigation policy. However, most existing deep reinforcement learning based navigation policies are trained with a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kyowoon Lee , Seongun Kim , Jaesik Choi

To build an open-domain multi-turn conversation system is one of the most interesting and challenging tasks in Artificial Intelligence. Many research efforts have been dedicated to building such dialogue systems, yet few shed light on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Lili Yao , Ruijian Xu , Chao Li , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Recently, research on open domain dialogue systems have attracted extensive interests of academic and industrial researchers. The goal of an open domain dialogue system is to imitate humans in conversations. Previous works on single turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wei-Nan Zhang , Yiming Cui , Kaiyan Zhang , Yifa Wang , Qingfu Zhu , Lingzhi Li , Ting Liu

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) has the potential to enable effective decision-making over long timescales. Existing approaches, while promising, have yet to realize the benefits of large-scale training. In this work, we identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Mikael Henaff , Scott Fujimoto , Michael Matthews , Michael Rabbat

Learning a universal policy across different robot morphologies can significantly improve learning efficiency and generalization in continuous control. However, it poses a challenging multi-task reinforcement learning problem, as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Zheng Xiong , Jacob Beck , Shimon Whiteson

We propose a novel preference alignment framework for improving spoken dialogue models on real-time conversations from user interactions. Current preference learning methods primarily focus on text-based language models, and are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Anne Wu , Laurent Mazaré , Neil Zeghidour , Alexandre Défossez

Continual learning in task-oriented dialogue systems can allow us to add new domains and functionalities through time without incurring the high cost of a whole system retraining. In this paper, we propose a continual learning benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Andrea Madotto , Zhaojiang Lin , Zhenpeng Zhou , Seungwhan Moon , Paul Crook , Bing Liu , Zhou Yu , Eunjoon Cho , Zhiguang Wang

In proactive dialogue, the challenge lies not just in generating responses but in steering conversations toward predetermined goals, a task where Large Language Models (LLMs) typically struggle due to their reactive nature. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Tao He , Lizi Liao , Yixin Cao , Yuanxing Liu , Ming Liu , Zerui Chen , Bing Qin

This paper is the first attempt to learn the policy of an inquiry dialog system (IDS) by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Most IDS frameworks represent dialog states and dialog acts with logical formulae. In order to make learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Takuya Hiraoka , Masaaki Tsuchida , Yotaro Watanabe

Large Language Models are increasingly deployed inside agentic systems, where they must follow structured protocols, adapt to evolving states, and operate under memory, latency, and cost constraints. In such regimes, prompt extension is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Joan Vendrell Gallart , Russell Bent , Michael Grosskopf

How to effectively utilize the dialogue history is a crucial problem in multi-turn dialogue generation. Previous works usually employ various neural network architectures (e.g., recurrent neural networks, attention mechanisms, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Changying Hao , Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Fei Sun , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng