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In this paper we suggest two statistical hypothesis tests for the regression function of binary classification based on conditional kernel mean embeddings. The regression function is a fundamental object in classification as it determines…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Ambrus Tamás , Balázs Csanád Csáji

A two-sample hypothesis test is a statistical procedure used to determine whether the distributions generating two samples are identical. We consider the two-sample testing problem in a new scenario where the sample measurements (or sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Weizhi Li , Prad Kadambi , Pouria Saidi , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Gautam Dasarathy , Visar Berisha

The problem of robust hypothesis testing is studied, where under the null and the alternative hypotheses, the data-generating distributions are assumed to be in some uncertainty sets, and the goal is to design a test that performs well…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Zhongchang Sun , Shaofeng Zou

This paper investigates symmetric composite binary quantum hypothesis testing (QHT), where the goal is to determine which of two uncertainty sets contains an unknown quantum state. While asymptotic error exponents for this problem are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Jacob Paul Simpson , Efstratios Palias , Sharu Theresa Jose

Two-sample testing is a fundamental problem in statistics. Despite its long history, there has been renewed interest in this problem with the advent of high-dimensional and complex data. Specifically, in the machine learning literature,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-19 Ilmun Kim , Ann B. Lee , Jing Lei

Given $n$ observations from two balanced classes, consider the task of labeling an additional $m$ inputs that are known to all belong to \emph{one} of the two classes. Special cases of this problem are well-known: with complete knowledge of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-27 Patrik Róbert Gerber , Tianze Jiang , Yury Polyanskiy , Rui Sun

We focus on the distribution regression problem: regressing to a real-valued response from a probability distribution. Although there exist a large number of similarity measures between distributions, very little is known about their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-28 Zoltan Szabo , Arthur Gretton , Barnabas Poczos , Bharath Sriperumbudur

Two-sample tests have been extensively employed in various scientific fields and machine learning such as evaluation on the effectiveness of drugs and A/B testing on different marketing strategies to discriminate whether two sets of samples…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Yu Terada , Yugo Ogio , Ken Arai , Hiroyuki Tezuka , Yu Tanaka

We use a suitable version of the so-called "kernel trick" to devise two-sample (homogeneity) tests, especially focussed on high-dimensional and functional data. Our proposal entails a simplification related to the important practical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Javier Cárcamo , Antonio Cuevas , Luis-Alberto Rodríguez

We propose a novel kernel-based two-sample test that leverages the spectral decomposition of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) statistic to identify and utilize well-estimated directional components in reproducing kernel Hilbert space…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-21 Rui Cui , Yuhao Li , Xiaojun Song

We propose a two-sample test for the means of high-dimensional data when the data dimension is much larger than the sample size. Hotelling's classical $T^2$ test does not work for this "large $p$, small $n$" situation. The proposed test…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-02-25 Song Xi Chen , Ying-Li Qin

Hypothesis testing is a statistical inference approach used to determine whether data supports a specific hypothesis. An important type is the two-sample test, which evaluates whether two sets of data points are from identical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Weizhi Li , Visar Berisha , Gautam Dasarathy

This paper introduces an approach for detecting differences in the first-order structures of spatial point patterns. The proposed approach leverages the kernel mean embedding in a novel way by introducing its approximate version tailored to…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-15 Raif M. Rustamov , James T. Klosowski

We construct and analyze a neural network two-sample test to determine whether two datasets came from the same distribution (null hypothesis) or not (alternative hypothesis). We perform time-analysis on a neural tangent kernel (NTK)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-11 Varun Khurana , Xiuyuan Cheng , Alexander Cloninger

The distribution regression problem encompasses many important statistics and machine learning tasks, and arises in a large range of applications. Among various existing approaches to tackle this problem, kernel methods have become a method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-22 François Bachoc , Louis Béthune , Alberto González-Sanz , Jean-Michel Loubes

Given two sets of independent samples from unknown distributions $P$ and $Q$, a two-sample test decides whether to reject the null hypothesis that $P=Q$. Recent attention has focused on kernel two-sample tests as the test statistics are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-22 Shengyu Zhu , Biao Chen , Zhitang Chen

Cluster analysis is a fundamental research issue in statistics and machine learning. In many modern clustering methods, we need to determine whether two subsets of samples come from the same cluster. Since these subsets are usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xinying Liu , Lianyu Hu , Mudi Jiang , Simeng Zhang , Jun Lou , Zengyou He

We propose a nonparametric two-sample test procedure based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for testing the hypothesis that two samples of functions have the same underlying distribution, using kernels defined on function spaces. This…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-20 George Wynne , Andrew B. Duncan

In this paper we introduce a kernel-based measure for detecting differences between two conditional distributions. Using the `kernel trick' and nearest-neighbor graphs, we propose a consistent estimate of this measure which can be computed…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-30 Anirban Chatterjee , Ziang Niu , Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

Evaluating whether data streams are drawn from the same distribution is at the heart of various machine learning problems. This is particularly relevant for data generated by dynamical systems since such systems are essential for many…