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Quantum resources exist in a hierarchy of multiple levels. At order zero, quantum states are transformed by linear maps (channels, or gates) in order to perform computations or simulate other states. At order one, gates and channels are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Samuel B. Steakley , Elia Zanoni , Carlo Maria Scandolo

Quantum theory provides an extremely accurate description of fundamental processes in physics. It thus seems likely that the theory is applicable beyond the, mostly microscopic, domain in which it has been tested experimentally. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-08 Daniela Frauchiger , Renato Renner

We introduce the quantum Gaussian process state, motivated via a statistical inference for the wave function supported by a data set of unentangled product states. We show that this condenses down to a compact and expressive parametric…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-08-01 Yannic Rath , George H. Booth

Quantum processes, such as quantum circuits, quantum memories, and quantum channels, are essential ingredients in almost all quantum information processing tasks. However, the characterization of these processes remains a daunting task due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Ye-Chao Liu , Jiangwei Shang , Xiao-Dong Yu , Xiangdong Zhang

In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally analyze sequential processors with limited communication between parts. We compare the expressivity of sequential quantum and classical processors under the same constraints. They consist…

We present a framework for quantifying information flow within general quantum processes. For this purpose, we introduce the signaling power of quantum channels and discuss its relevant operational properties. This function supports…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Leonardo S. V. Santos , Zhen-Peng Xu , Jyrki Piilo , Otfried Gühne

An effective formalism for quantum constrained systems is presented which allows manageable derivations of solutions and observables, including a treatment of physical reality conditions without requiring full knowledge of the physical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-03-12 Martin Bojowald , Barbara Sandhoefer , Aureliano Skirzewski , Artur Tsobanjan

Quantum nonseparability is a central feature of quantum mechanics, and raises important philosophical questions. Interestingly, a particular theoretical development of quantum mechanics, called the process matrix formalism (PMF), features…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Laurie Letertre

Quantum computations operate in the quantum world. For their results to be useful in any way, there is an intrinsic necessity of cooperation and communication controlled by the classical world. As a consequence, full formal descriptions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Philippe Jorrand , Marie Lalire

When transforming pairs of independent quantum operations according to the fundamental rules of quantum theory, an intriguing phenomenon emerges: some such higher-order operations may act on the input operations in an indefinite causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-08 Jessica Bavaresco , Mateus Araújo , Časlav Brukner , Marco Túlio Quintino

Just as conventional functional programs may be understood as proofs in an intuitionistic logic, so quantum processes can also be viewed as proofs in a suitable logic. We describe such a logic, the logic of compact closed categories and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2009-03-31 Ross Duncan

We present a general classification of the conditions under which cognitive science, concerned e.g. with decision making, requires the use of quantum theoretical notions. The analysis is done in the frame of the mathematical approach based…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-02-04 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

We provide a general description of the phenomenon of entanglement in bipartite systems, as it manifests in micro and macro physical systems, as well as in human cognitive processes. We do so by observing that when genuine coincidence…

Quantum coherence is a basic feature of quantum physics. Combined with tensor product structure of state space, it gives rise to the novel concepts such as entanglement and quantum correlations, which play a crucial role in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-18 Kaifeng Bu , Asutosh Kumar , Lin Zhang , Junde Wu

Quantum cognition often explains order effects, contextuality, and violations of the law of total probability by replacing classical probability with quantum probability on a fixed event structure. This paper proposes a different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Song-Ju Kim

Quantum coherence is one of the most important resources in quantum information. Indeed, preventing the loss of coherence is one of the most important technical challenges obstructing the development of large-scale quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 John H. Selby , Ciarán M. Lee

Quantum resources, such as entanglement or quantum communication, offer significant communication advantages in information processing. We develop an operational framework for realizing these communication advantages in resource-constrained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Brian Doolittle , Felix Leditzky , Eric Chitambar

In this article we set out to understand the significance of the process matrix formalism and the quantum causal modelling programme for ongoing disputes about the role of causation in fundamental physics. We argue that the process matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Emily Adlam

Modeling and reasoning about concurrent quantum systems is very important both for distributed quantum computing and for quantum protocol verification. As a consequence, a general framework describing formally the communication and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Yuan Feng , Runyao Duan , Zhengfeng Ji , Mingsheng Ying

The usual formulation of quantum theory is rather abstract. In recent work I have shown that we can, nevertheless, obtain quantum theory from five reasonable axioms. Four of these axioms are obviously consistent with both classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lucien Hardy
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