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Related papers: Practical and Provably Secure Onion Routing

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of authenticated throughput-efficient routing in an unreliable and dynamically changing synchronous network in which the majority of malicious insiders try to destroy and alter…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-01-04 Yair Amir , Paul Bunn , Rafail Ostrovksy

After several years of research on onion routing, Camenisch and Lysyanskaya, in an attempt at rigorous analysis, defined an ideal functionality in the universal composability model, together with properties that protocols have to meet to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Christiane Kuhn , Martin Beck , Thorsten Strufe

The Tor network is a widely used system for anonymous communication. However, Tor is known to be vulnerable to attackers who can observe traffic at both ends of the communication path. In this paper, we show that prior attacks are just the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Laurent Vanbever , Oscar Li , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Over the last decade botnets survived by adopting a sequence of increasingly sophisticated strategies to evade detection and take overs, and to monetize their infrastructure. At the same time, the success of privacy infrastructures such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-15 Amirali Sanatinia , Guevara Noubir

Onion routing provides anonymity by layering encryption so that no relay can link sender to destination. A quantum analogue faces a core obstacle: layered quantum encryption generally requires symmetric encryption schemes, whereas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Eleni Agathocleous , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen , Lukas Mansour

Obtaining and maintaining anonymity on the Internet is challenging. The state of the art in deployed tools, such as Tor, uses onion routing (OR) to relay encrypted connections on a detour passing through randomly chosen relays scattered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-06 Joan Feigenbaum , Bryan Ford

The Onion Router (Tor) relies on path selection algorithms to balance performance and anonymity by determining how traffic flows through its relay network. As Tor scales and usage patterns evolve, default strategies such as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Siddique Abubakr Muntaka , Jacques Bou Abdo

Online anonymity and privacy has been based on confusing the adversary by creating indistinguishable network elements. Tor is the largest and most widely deployed anonymity system, designed against realistic modern adversaries. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 George Kadianakis , Theodoros Polyzos , Mike Perry , Kostas Chatzikokolakis

We present HORNET, a system that enables high-speed end-to-end anonymous channels by leveraging next generation network architectures. HORNET is designed as a low-latency onion routing system that operates at the network layer thus enabling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-09 Chen Chen , Daniele Enrico Asoni , David Barrera , George Danezis , Adrian Perrig

Cryptocurrency off-chain networks such as Lightning (e.g., Bitcoin) or Raiden (e.g., Ethereum) aim to increase the scalability of traditional on-chain transactions. To support nodes in learning about possible paths to route their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Utz Nisslmueller , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

Tor users are vulnerable to deanonymization by an adversary that can observe some Tor relays or some parts of the network. We demonstrate that previous network-aware path-selection algorithms that propose to solve this problem are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Aaron Johnson , Rob Jansen , Aaron D. Jaggard , Joan Feigenbaum , Paul Syverson

Anonymity systems such as Tor aim to enable users to communicate in a manner that is untraceable by adversaries that control a small number of machines. To provide efficient service to users, these anonymity systems make full use of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Prateek Mittal , Ahmed Khurshid , Joshua Juen , Matthew Caesar , Nikita Borisov

The advance of quantum computing poses a significant threat to classical cryptography, compromising the security of current encryption schemes such as RSA and ECC. In response to this challenge, two main approaches have emerged: quantum…

Tor is the most popular anonymous communication overlay network which hides clients' identities from servers by passing packets through multiple relays. To provide anonymity to both clients and servers, Tor onion services were introduced by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Md Washik Al Azad , Hasniuj Zahan , Sifat Ut Taki , Spyridon Mastorakis

In the last decade, Tor proved to be a very successful and widely popular system to protect users' anonymity. However, Tor remains a practical system with a variety of limitations, some of which were indeed exploited in the recent past. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Amirali Sanatinia , Guevara Noubir

Attacks on Internet routing are typically viewed through the lens of availability and confidentiality, assuming an adversary that either discards traffic or performs eavesdropping. Yet, a strategic adversary can use routing attacks to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Yixin Sun , Maria Apostolaki , Henry Birge-Lee , Laurent Vanbever , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

In its more than ten years of existence, the Tor network has seen hundreds of thousands of relays come and go. Each relay maintains several RSA keys, amounting to millions of keys, all archived by The Tor Project. In this paper, we analyze…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 George Kadianakis , Claudia V. Roberts , Laura M. Roberts , Philipp Winter

Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus protocols often face a trade-off between performance and security. Protocols that pre-elect leaders for subsequent rounds are vulnerable to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, which can disrupt the network and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ivan Homoliak , Martin Perešíni , Marek Tamaškovič , Timotej Ponek , Lukáš Hellebrandt , Kamil Malinka

The Onion Router (Tor) is a controversial network whose utility is constantly under scrutiny. On the one hand, it allows for anonymous interaction and cooperation of users seeking untraceable navigation on the Internet. This freedom also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Alfonso Rodriguez Barredo-Valenzuela , Sergio Pastrana Portillo , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

In anonymous broadcast, one or more parties want to anonymously send messages to all parties. This problem is increasingly important as a black-box in many privacy-preserving applications such as anonymous communication, distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-05-22 Mahnush Movahedi , Jared Saia , Mahdi Zamani