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Matrix-product operators (MPOs) appear throughout the study of integrable lattice models, notably as the transfer matrices. They can also be used as transformations to construct dualities between such models, both invertible (including…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-20 Yuan Miao , Andras Molnar , Nick G. Jones

Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are tensor networks representing operators acting on 1D systems. They model a wide variety of situations, including communication channels with memory effects, quantum cellular automata, mixed states in 1D…

We provide a description of virtual non-local matrix product operator (MPO) symmetries in projected entangled pair state (PEPS) representations of string-net models. Given such a PEPS representation, we show that the consistency conditions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 Laurens Lootens , Jürgen Fuchs , Jutho Haegeman , Christoph Schweigert , Frank Verstraete

Matrix product states (MPS) and matrix product operators (MPOs) are one dimensional tensor networks that underlie the modern density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. The use of MPOs accounts for the high level of generality…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-27 Matthew J. O'Rourke , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

We present and test a protocol to learn the matrix-product operator (MPO) representation of an experimentally prepared quantum state. The protocol takes as an input classical shadows corresponding to local randomized measurements, and…

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT), which can be viewed as a reindexing of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), has been shown to be compressible as a low-rank matrix product operator (MPO) or quantized tensor train (QTT) operator.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Jielun Chen , Michael Lindsey

Numerical methods for obtaining exact dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems are mostly limited to either small systems or to short-time evolution only. Here, we propose a new algorithm for computing process tensors--matrix product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Émile Cochin , Jonathan Keeling , Brendon W. Lovett , Alex W. Chin

Matrix Product State (MPS) wavefunctions have many applications in quantum information and condensed matter physics. One application is to represent states in the thermodynamic limit directly, using a small set of position independent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-08-30 L. Michel , I. P. McCulloch

Theoretical understanding of strongly correlated systems in one spatial dimension (1D) has been greatly advanced by the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, which is a variational approach using a class of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-07-18 M. L. Wall , Lincoln D. Carr

Quantum computing is arguably one of the most revolutionary and disruptive technologies of this century. Due to the ever-increasing number of potential applications as well as the continuing rise in complexity, the development, simulation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-03 Patrick Gelß , Stefan Klus , Sebastian Knebel , Zarin Shakibaei , Sebastian Pokutta

We introduce a unitary matrix-product operator (UMPO) based variational method that approximately finds all the eigenstates of fully many-body localized (fMBL) one-dimensional Hamiltonians. The computational cost of the variational…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-08-03 Frank Pollmann , Vedika Khemani , J. Ignacio Cirac , S. L. Sondhi

In this work, we investigate the universal representation capacity of the Matrix Product States (MPS) from the perspective of boolean functions and continuous functions. We show that MPS can accurately realize arbitrary boolean functions by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Erdong Guo , David Draper

The reconstruction of quantum states from experimental measurements, often achieved using quantum state tomography (QST), is crucial for the verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. However, performing QST for a generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Zhen Qin , Casey Jameson , Zhexuan Gong , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

Quantum signal processing combined with quantum eigenvalue transformation has recently emerged as a unifying framework for several quantum algorithms. In its standard form, it consists of two separate routines: block encoding, which encodes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Martina Nibbi , Christian B. Mendl

Recent work by Wu {\em et al.} [arXiv:1910.11011] proposed a numerical method, so-called matrix product operator-matrix product state (MPO-MPS) method, by which several types of quantum many-body wave functions, in particular, the projected…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-29 Hui-Ke Jin , Hong-Hao Tu , Yi Zhou

Long Short Term Memory(LSTM) models are the building blocks of many state-of-the-art natural language processing(NLP) and speech enhancement(SE) algorithms. However, there are a large number of parameters in an LSTM model. This usually…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Ze-Feng Gao , Xingwei Sun , Lan Gao , Junfeng Li , Zhong-Yi Lu

Matrix product operator Born machines (MPO-BMs) are tractable tensor-network models for probabilistic modeling, but their efficient approximation capability remains unclear. We characterize this boundary from both negative and positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Chao Li , Zerui Tao , Yuchen Cong , Jian Xu , Qibin Zhao

We present a method to approximate functionals $\text{Tr} \, f(A)$ of very high-dimensional hermitian matrices $A$ represented as Matrix Product Operators (MPOs). Our method is based on a reformulation of a block Lanczos algorithm in tensor…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Moritz August , Mari Carmen Bañuls , Thomas Huckle

We present a matrix product state (MPS) algorithm to approximate ground states of translationally invariant systems with periodic boundary conditions. For a fixed value of the bond dimension D of the MPS, we discuss how to minimize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-21 B. Pirvu , F. Verstraete , G. Vidal

Matrix product states (MPS) are a central language for one-dimensional quantum matter and a practical target for near-term quantum simulators and variational algorithms. Yet, while substantial effort has focused on preparing MPS with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Hyunho Cha , Subin Kim , Jungwoo Lee