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Accurate occupancy information is essential for closed-loop occupant-centric control (OCC) in smart buildings. However, existing vision-based occupancy measurement methods often struggle to provide stable and accurate measurements in real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Irfan Qaisar , Kailai Sun , Qingshan Jia , Qianchuan Zhao

3D occupancy prediction is an emerging task that aims to estimate the occupancy states and semantics of 3D scenes using multi-view images. However, image-based scene perception encounters significant challenges in achieving accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Haiming Zhang , Xu Yan , Dongfeng Bai , Jiantao Gao , Pan Wang , Bingbing Liu , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

Reducing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is vital at both global and national levels, given their significant role in exacerbating climate change. CO2 emission, stemming from a variety of industrial and economic activities, are major…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-07 Hamed Khosravi , Ahmed Shoyeb Raihan , Farzana Islam , Ashish Nimbarte , Imtiaz Ahmed

The ability to estimate College Campus Occupancy for Classrooms and Labs in real time has become one of the major concerns for various Academicians, authorities and administrators,where still a manual attendance marking system is being…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Nkita Jain , Rachita Gupta

This paper presents a multi-layer perceptron model for the estimation of classrooms number of occupants from sensed indoor environmental data-relative humidity, air temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration. The modelling datasets were…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Eugénio Rodrigues , Luísa Dias Pereira , Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar , Álvaro Gomes , Manuel Carlos Gameiro da Silva

We present a new machine learning based bed-occupancy detection system that uses the accelerometer signal captured by a bed-attached consumer smartphone. Automatic bed-occupancy detection is necessary for automatic long-term cough…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Madhurananda Pahar , Igor Miranda , Andreas Diacon , Thomas Niesler

Identifying locations of occupants is beneficial to energy management in buildings. A key observation in indoor environment is that distinct functional areas are typically controlled by separate HVAC and lighting systems and room level…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-07-17 Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin , Costas J. Spanos

Detecting the presence of persons and estimating their quantity in an indoor environment has grown in importance recently. For example, the information if a room is unoccupied can be used for automatically switching off the light, air…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-18 Florenc Demrozi , Cristian Turetta , Fabio Chiarani , Philipp H. Kindt , Graziano Pravadelli

Camera-based 3D occupancy prediction has recently garnered increasing attention in outdoor driving scenes. However, research in indoor scenes remains relatively unexplored. The core differences in indoor scenes lie in the complexity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Hongxiao Yu , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang

We introduce UniOcc, a comprehensive, unified benchmark and toolkit for occupancy forecasting (i.e., predicting future occupancies based on historical information) and occupancy prediction (i.e., predicting current-frame occupancy from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuping Wang , Xiangyu Huang , Xiaokang Sun , Mingxuan Yan , Shuo Xing , Zhengzhong Tu , Jiachen Li

Camera-based 3D semantic occupancy prediction offers an efficient and cost-effective solution for perceiving surrounding scenes in autonomous driving. However, existing works rely on explicit occupancy state inference, leading to numerous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Naiyu Fang , Zheyuan Zhou , Kang Wang , Ruibo Li , Lemiao Qiu , Shuyou Zhang , Zhe Wang , Guosheng Lin

This paper presents an occupancy-predicting control algorithm for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. It incorporates the building's thermal properties, local weather predictions, and a self-tuning…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Justin R. Dobbs , Brandon M. Hencey

Developing 3D semantic occupancy prediction models often relies on dense 3D annotations for supervised learning, a process that is both labor and resource-intensive, underscoring the need for label-efficient or even label-free approaches.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Samuel Sze , Daniele De Martini , Lars Kunze

While 3D object bounding box (bbox) representation has been widely used in autonomous driving perception, it lacks the ability to capture the precise details of an object's intrinsic geometry. Recently, occupancy has emerged as a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Chaoda Zheng , Feng Wang , Naiyan Wang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

Robust 3D occupancy prediction is essential for autonomous driving, particularly under adverse weather conditions where traditional vision-only systems struggle. While the fusion of surround-view 4D radar and cameras offers a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Long Yang , Lianqing Zheng , Wenjin Ai , Minghao Liu , Sen Li , Qunshu Lin , Shengyu Yan , Jie Bai , Zhixiong Ma , Tao Huang , Xichan Zhu

3D scene understanding plays a vital role in vision-based autonomous driving. While most existing methods focus on 3D object detection, they have difficulty describing real-world objects of arbitrary shapes and infinite classes. Towards a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yi Wei , Linqing Zhao , Wenzhao Zheng , Zheng Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Large-scale sensing and actuation infrastructures have allowed buildings to achieve significant energy savings; at the same time, these technologies introduce significant privacy risks that must be addressed. In this paper, we present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Ruoxi Jia , Roy Dong , S. Shankar Sastry , Costas J. Spanos

Accurate people counting in smart buildings and intelligent transportation systems is crucial for energy management, safety protocols, and resource allocation. This is especially critical during emergencies, where precise occupant counts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Ishrath Ahamed , Chamith Dilshan Ranathunga , Dinuka Sandun Udayantha , Benny Kai Kiat Ng , Chau Yuen

Much of the energy consumption in buildings is due to HVAC systems, which has motivated several recent studies on making these systems more energy- efficient. Occupancy and activity are two important aspects, which need to be correctly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-09 Rajib Rana , Brano Kusy , Josh Wall , Wen Hu

As mobile technologies become ever more sensor-rich, portable, and ubiquitous, data captured by smart devices are lending rich insights into users' daily lives with unprecedented comprehensiveness, unobtrusiveness, and ecological validity.…