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Many real-world applications are increasingly incorporating automated decision-making, driven by the widespread adoption of ML/AI inference for planning and guidance. This study examines the growing need for verifiable computing in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Michele Dallachiesa , Antonio Pitasi , David Pinger , Josh Goodbody , Luis Vaello

This is the full version of a paper submitted to the Computability in Europe (CiE 2023) conference, with all proofs omitted there. In 2012 P. D. Azar and S. Micali introduced a new model of interactive proofs, called "Rational Interactive…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Daniil Musatov , Georgii Potapov

The P versus NP problem asks whether every language verifiable in polynomial time can also be decided in deterministic polynomial time. In this paper, we present a constructive proof that P = NP by introducing a universal, graph-based…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Changryeol Lee

Differential privacy is a promising approach to privacy preserving data analysis with a well-developed theory for functions. Despite recent work on implementing systems that aim to provide differential privacy, the problem of formally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-01-17 Michael Carl Tschantz , Dilsun Kaynar , Anupam Datta

Requirements driven search-based testing (also known as falsification) has proven to be a practical and effective method for discovering erroneous behaviors in Cyber-Physical Systems. Despite the constant improvements on the performance and…

Probabilistic programming is a rapidly developing programming paradigm which enables the formulation of Bayesian models as programs and the automation of posterior inference. It facilitates the development of models and conducting Bayesian…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nathanael Nussbaumer , Markus Böck , Jürgen Cito

Most classical scheduling formulations assume a fixed and known duration for each activity. In this paper, we weaken this assumption, requiring instead that each duration can be represented by an independent random variable with a known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-13 J. C. Beck , N. Wilson

Formal verification using interactive theorem provers ensures high-quality software. However, writing proof scripts for interactive theorem provers is labor-intensive and requires deep expertise. Recent studies have leveraged deep learning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Manqing Zhang , Yunwei Dong , Lingru Zhou , Bingxu Xiao , Yepang Liu

The growing popularity and adoption of differential privacy in academic and industrial settings has resulted in the development of increasingly sophisticated algorithms for releasing information while preserving privacy. Accompanying this…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Danfeng Zhang , Daniel Kifer

As modern computing moves towards smaller devices and powerful cloud platforms, more and more computation is being delegated to powerful service providers. Interactive proofs are a widely-used model to design efficient protocols for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Jing Chen , Samuel McCauley , Shikha Singh

Verification is one of the central tasks in circuit and system design. While simulation and emulation are widely used, complete correctness can only be ensured based on formal proof techniques. But these approaches often have very high run…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rolf Drechsler

This paper studies a generalization of multi-prover interactive proofs in which a verifier interacts with two competing teams of provers: one team attempts to convince the verifier to accept while the other attempts to convince the verifier…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-08-08 Gus Gutoski

We consider the problem of testing and learning from data in the presence of resource constraints, such as limited memory or weak data access, which place limitations on the efficiency and feasibility of testing or learning. In particular,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Matthias C. Caro , Jens Eisert , Marcel Hinsche , Marios Ioannou , Alexander Nietner , Ryan Sweke

This paper studies quantum refereed games, which are quantum interactive proof systems with two competing provers: one that tries to convince the verifier to accept and the other that tries to convince the verifier to reject. We prove that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-16 Gus Gutoski , John Watrous

Deep inference is a proof theoretic methodology that generalizes the standard notion of inference of the sequent calculus, whereby inference rules become applicable at any depth inside logical expressions. Deep inference provides more…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Ozan Kahramanogullari

Our ability to know when to trust the decisions made by machine learning systems has not kept up with the staggering improvements in their performance, limiting their applicability in high-stakes domains. We introduce Prover-Verifier Games…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Cem Anil , Guodong Zhang , Yuhuai Wu , Roger Grosse

In multi-prover interactive proofs, the verifier interrogates the provers and attempts to steal their knowledge. Other than that, the verifier's role has not been studied. We have discovered that the verifier plays a much more important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-01 Claude Crépeau , Nan Yang

Reasoning under uncertainty is a fundamental challenge in Artificial Intelligence. As with most of these challenges, there is a harsh dilemma between the expressive power of the language used, and the tractability of the computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Luise Ge , Brendan Juba , Kris Nilsson

In this paper we consider what can be computed by a user interacting with a potentially malicious server, when the server performs polynomial-time quantum computation but the user can only perform polynomial-time classical (i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 François Le Gall , Tomoyuki Morimae , Harumichi Nishimura , Yuki Takeuchi

We propose to extend the Dafny system with an interactive proof mode. We present a motivating example, how the IPM works, including the main design choices we make, and a prototype implementation.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ştefan Ciobâcă , K. Rustan M. Leino , Ştefan-Alexandru Mercaş , Roxana-Mihaela Timon