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We clarify the role of the oft-misunderstood Null Energy Condition (NEC) in the context of the current cosmological data. In particular, the NEC implies the sum of the total energy density and pressure satisfies $\rho_{tot}+P_{tot} \ge 0$;…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Robert R. Caldwell , Eric V. Linder

Null Energy Condition (NEC) requires the equation of state (EoS) of the universe $w_u$ satisfy $w_u\geq-1$, which implies, for instance in a universe with matter and dark energy dominating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-10-28 Taotao Qiu , Yi-Fu Cai , Xin-Min Zhang

We propose a new bound on the average null energy along a finite portion of a null geodesic. We believe our bound is valid on scales small compared to the radius of curvature in any quantum field theory that is consistently coupled to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-20 Ben Freivogel , Dimitrios Krommydas

We explore higher-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) in the presence of a conformal defect that itself hosts another sub-dimensional defect. We refer to this new kind of conformal defect as the composite defect. We elaborate on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-26 Soichiro Shimamori

We study the portion of an asymptotically Anti de Sitter geometry's bulk where the metric can be reconstructed, given the areas of minimal 2-surfaces anchored to a fixed boundary subregion. We exhibit situations in which this region can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-10 Ning Bao , Aidan Chatwin-Davies , Benjamin E. Niehoff , Mykhaylo Usatyuk

We examine the maximum negative energy density which can be attained in various quantum states of a massless scalar field. We consider states in which either one or two modes are excited, and show that the energy density can be given in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-16 L. H. Ford , Thomas A. Roman

Quantum many-body systems have a rich structure in the presence of boundaries. We study the groundstates of conformal field theories (CFTs) and Lifshitz field theories in the presence of a boundary through the lens of the entanglement…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-09-07 Clément Berthiere , William Witczak-Krempa

Three-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) of deconfined gauge fields coupled to gapless flavors of fermionic and bosonic matter describe quantum critical points of condensed matter systems in two spatial dimensions. An important…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-05-15 Igor R. Klebanov , Silviu S. Pufu , Subir Sachdev , Benjamin R. Safdi

The entanglement spectra for a subsystem in a spin chain fine-tuned to a quantum-critical point contains signatures of the underlying quantum field theory that governs its low-energy properties. For an open chain with given boundary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Ananda Roy , Sergei L. Lukyanov , Hubert Saleur

We study an anisotropic holographic bottom-up model displaying a quantum phase transition (QPT) between a topologically trivial insulator and a non-trivial Weyl semimetal phase. We analyze the properties of quantum chaos in the quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-11 Matteo Baggioli , Bikash Padhi , Philip W. Phillips , Chandan Setty

Holographic dark energy (HDE) models, underlain by an effective quantum field theory (QFT) with a manifest UV/IR connection, have become a convincing candidate for the dark energy in the universe. On the other hand, the maximum number of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R. Horvat

We propose a covariant holographic construction based on the extremal entanglement wedge cross section, for the entanglement negativity of bipartite states in $CFT_{1+1}$s dual to non static bulk $AdS_3$ geometries. Utilizing our proposal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-12 Jaydeep Kumar Basak , Himanshu Parihar , Boudhayan Paul , Gautam Sengupta

We study the entanglement phase structure of a holographic boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) in a two-dimensional black hole background. The bulk dual is the AdS$_3$ black string geometry with a Karch-Randall brane. We compute the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-28 Hao Geng , Lisa Randall , Erik Swanson

We explore constraints that arise from associating an entanglement wedge (EW) to subregions of a cutoff boundary at a finite distance in AdS/CFT, using a subcritical end-of-the-world (ETW) brane acting as a cutoff. In particular, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-14 Krishan Saraswat

We consider a system made up of N electrons interacting with a neutralizing positive background within a cubic box of volume V. After dividing the box into N (or N/2) cubic cells for the polarized (unpolarized) case, we average the creation…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-12-11 Salvino Ciccariello

Entanglement entropy of holographic CFTs is expected to play a crucial role in the reconstruction of semiclassical bulk gravity. We consider the entanglement entropy of spherical regions of vacuum, which is known to contain universal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-11-10 Felix M. Haehl

We study charge entanglement in two Coulomb-coupled double quantum dots in thermal equilibrium and under stationary non-equilibrium transport conditions. In the transport regime, the entanglement exhibits a clear switching threshold and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 N. Lambert , R. Aguado , T. Brandes

Given two otherwise decoupled $D$-dimensional CFTs which possess a common (finite) symmetry subcategory, one can consider entangled boundary states of their $(D+1)$-dimensional SymTFTs. This roughly corresponds to performing a gauging of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-12 Ethan Torres , Xingyang Yu

Using Wilson's numerical renormalization group (NRG) technique we compute zero-bias conductance and various correlation functions of a double quantum dot (DQD) system. We present different regimes within a phase diagram of the DQD system.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-06-01 Rok Zitko Janez Bonca

We propose a universal inequality that unifies the Bousso bound with the classical focussing theorem. Given a surface $\sigma$ that need not lie on a horizon, we define a finite generalized entropy $S_\text{gen}$ as the area of $\sigma$ in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-06 Raphael Bousso , Zachary Fisher , Stefan Leichenauer , and Aron C. Wall